Study Of Reaction Parameters And Temperature And Mass Substrate

The purpose of doing this lab was to apply the knowledge of chemical reactions to identify an unknown substance. Research was done prior to doing the experiment to provide a basic understanding of the chemical reactions occurring. There are two elementary aspects a chemical solution. First, there’s the reactant. The reactant is the substance added that reacts with another chemical, after the chemical reaction has run its course, what is left is called the product. There are about seven ways to tell if a chemical reaction has taken place; a few of which include color change, precipitate, the formation of gas, and temperature change. In this particular experiment, the question that was being investigated was: What is the unidentified chemical substance? The hypotheses made was: The unnamed chemical is Calcium Chloride considering each are clear liquids.

A chemical reaction is when substances (reactants) change into other substances (products). The five general types of chemical reactions are synthesis (also known as direct combination), decomposition, single replacement (also known as single displacement), double replacement (also known as double displacement), and combustion. In this lab, the five general types of chemical reactions were conducted and observations were taken before, during, and after the reaction. Then the reactants and observations were used to determine the products to form a balanced chemical equation. The purpose of this lab was to learn and answer the question: How can observations be used to determine the identity of substances produced in a chemical reaction?

Hypothesis: If the temperature (I.V.) of materials in the reaction are increased, the reaction time (D.V.) will decrease.

In this experiment we tested the effects that enzymes and substrate have on chemical reaction rates, which is the rate at which chemical reactions occur.. This experiment tested how different concentrations of enzyme and substrate affected the light absorption measurements on a spectrophotometer. The experiment also tested how temperature affected the light absorption, and in a separate test, the effect of the enzyme inhibitor hydroxylamine was also tested. In the first test conducted, 3 different concentrations of enzyme, and three different concentrations of substrate were measured in a spectrophotometer. For the enzyme and the substrate, the measurements got higher as the concentrations were higher, but the over measurements of the substrate were smaller than those of the enzyme. In the second test conducted, the medium concentration enzyme was tested under the temperatures; 4°C, 23°C, 37°C, and 60°C. The measurements in this test got higher as the temperature got higher, but did the measurements under 4°C were overall significantly higher than the other temperature measurements. Lastly, the last test conducted showed that the measurements of the substance with 0 and 1 drop of hydroxylamine inhibitor went up, but the measurements of the enzyme with 5 drops of hydroxylamine inhibitor stayed rather low and did not change much. In conclusion, these experiments showed that chemical reaction rates are sped up with higher concentrations of enzyme, substrate,

The purpose of this lab is to decipher and observe the four types of reactions.

Plasma is often found in areas of the planet/universe where extremely high heats are possible and gases exist to help create the plasma.

To identify which reactions will be the most efficient, in order to heat pre-cooked meals.

Treated glycerol and commercial glycerol were analyzed using the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR) to determine the functional group. The functional group is a group of atoms that replace the hydrogen in the organic compound. The structure of organic family compounds and their properties are defined by organic compounds. Table 4.3 shows the comparison data for the glycerol residue, recovered glycerol and commercial glycerol.

My love for roadside stands and local farms started when I was young. If I spotted one I would always ask my parents to pull over so we could buy several of the colorful fruits and vegetables. This continued as I got older however, it did not occur to me how controversial farming is until I watched the documentary Food Inc. in high school. This documentary connected the industrial farming process, to the groceries I was consuming from the supermarket, in a way I never considered when I was younger.

Combustion is a chemical reaction which is used in people’s everyday lives much more than people realize. Examples of combustion in everyday life include, gas-fueled cars, cooking on gas stoves, and heating our homes[2]. A combustion reaction occurs when a compound composed of only carbon and hydrogen reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. These reactants often release energy in the form of heat which is why they're able to fuel our cars and heat our homes.

Sucrose is made up of two simple sugars, glucose and fructose. While commonly used as table sugar, sucrose is important to all living organisms, including yeast. When yeast is introduced to sucrose, and does not have oxygen available to assist in respiration, it will resort to anaerobic respiration. This will involve the enzyme invertase to catalyze the hydrolysis of sucrose, as well as zymase to convert the hydrolyzed sugars to alcohol and carbon dioxide. When this happens in a sealed container, the carbon dioxide will become trapped gas. The ethanol actually inhibits the fermentation process, and results in the maximum concentration of ethanol solution of 10-15%.In this particular experiment, the density of the third fraction removed came

In this lab, I tested in which conditions starch synthesis will take place and how the temperature of the reaction mixture influences starch synthesis. My main goal for this experiment is to learn about the basic principles of enzyme functions, and how their environment around them can influence them.

was too fast to measure and so for my scale to reach above that, I

The reference work chosen is the article “Glycerol production by yeasts under osmotic and sulfite stress” by Blagica Petrovska, Eleonora Winkelhausen, and Slobodanka Kuzmanova. The article discusses a method of glycerol production through osmotolerant yeast in addition to sulfite-steering agents. In this study, we will discuss how the author was able to move into CARS move 2. The CARS system refers to the proper method of writing an introduction, so in this article we shall be examining the introduction for the steps involved in CARS move 1 which lead to CARS move 2. We will then discuss the presence and legitimacy of the hypothesis.

The purpose of this study is to produce succinic acid from glycerol residue through anaerobic fermentation process. The study of reaction parameters (pH, temperature and mass substrate) was performed by using expert design software in glycerol recovery process. One factor at one time (OFAT) method was performed as preliminary studies for selection of parameters range and subsequently determine its optimum condition using response surface methodology (RSM). The concentration of glycerol and succinic acid were determined using HPLC analysis. The FTIR spectrometry was applied to examine the adsorption of organic element. Statistical optimization (Respond Surface design Methodology) showed that optimal conditions were at pH, 2, temperature 35 0C and substrate 110.36 gram. At this optimum, 159.312 g/L was recovery of glycerol was obtained. Succinic acid was produced via fermentation process by using Escherichia coli type k-12 under 19.67 g/L initial