Study Retention Paper

Cheng, C., & Lin, C. (2017). The Use of Informed Consent in Clinical Nursing Practice. Hu li za zhi The journal of nursing, 64(1), 98.

In this assignment I will be discussing Adult Nursing and Mental Health Nursing and issues regarding consent. Consent is important within all fields of nursing as it is essential to conduct any medical procedures. The Nursing and Midwifery Council Code of Conduct (NMC,2008) states that all healthcare professionals must presume that all patients have the mental capacity to accept or deny medical treatments after being given all information which may be needed. However there may be some instances where consent cannot be obtained. An example of this is if the patient is in a medical emergency and may be unconscious or if the patient lacks the mental capacity to make a knowledgeable choice. In this situation treatment would be

The author cites qualitative research articles and nursing education manuals and training manuals from many different authors and time periods. There were no quantitative studies cited. All research article referenced were relevant to the study, most were greater than seven years old and older. No evaluations of strengths or weaknesses were available for referenced material. The limitations of this study were named as: “data was exploratory, It was not the specific intention to explore the management of the patient who refuses care; the topic came from the inductive data analysis.(Aveyard, 2004, p. 349) It is relevant as this is a previously unexplored area of nursing.(Aveyard, 2004, p. 349) The author builds a logical argument through discussion of nursing education, and the fact that nursing education and the focus of informed consent in nursing education is on the nurse’s role in obtaining consent prior to medical procedures and research procedures, and not prior to nursing care procedures. The author uses the argument that the lack of discussion on informed consent does not negate its importance and it purpose which is to protect a patients autonomy .(Aveyard, 2004, p. 346)

Grade retention, the act of holding students back a grade, often occurs during the early stages of schooling. During the early stages of education, students look to their parents and teachers to instill the importance of education. It is essential that early on students have support from their parents and teachers, working together to motivate and teach the skills necessary to succeed in school. However, many factors can lead to early grade retention, which later influences a student’s future education.

There are several ethical principles that need to be addressed within the nurse researcher-participant relationship, which are autonomy, beneficence, and justice (Judkins-Cohn, Kielwasser-Withrow, Owen, & Ward, 2014). The ethical principles should relate directly to informed consent, for the nursing research process (Judkins-Cohn et al., 2014). In this type of research the nurse faced with a dual role, as researcher and care taker (Judkins-Cohn et al., 2014). Nurses have the dual role, which consist of significant responsibility and demands. Therefore, it is essential that the nurses have a thorough understanding of the research process and informed consent (Judkins-Cohn et al., 2014). “This includes having an understanding of the institutional

Informed consent is the authorization that gives the patient to the doctor and the institution to receive the services they need for their recovery. The patient can give consent orally or in writing may be total, partial or for a specific procedure. Also the patient has the right to submit advance directives of which stipulates the refusal of a treatment such as blood transfusions or intubation. Guide the hospitalization process, the patient may reject some study or treatment for which he is taking a leave of refusal of treatment, although their lives may be in danger, what matters is that the guidance provided by both the physician and the nurse are documented.

Nurses are constantly challenged by changes which occur in their practice environment and are under the influence of internal or external factors. Due to the increased complexity of the health system, nowadays nurses are faced with ethical and legal decisions and often come across dilemmas regarding patient care. From this perspective a good question to be raised would be whether or not nurses have the necessary background, knowledge and skills to make appropriate legal and ethical decisions. Even though most nursing programs cover the ethical and moral issues in health care, it is questionable if new nurses have the depth of knowledge and understanding of these issues and apply them in their practice

As research advances in finding answers and treatment for diseases, the process of obtaining a patient’s informed consent becomes more detailed required. The informed consent is known as the cornerstone of Good Clinical Practice for ensuring patient safety. In a normal clinical paced environment, time is given to ensure patients are provided all the required information and the time to make a rational and voluntary decision to participate in a study. At times this process is not feasible do to emergency situations, such as when a patient arrives in the emergency room in a compromised mental and physical state that does not permit ample time for this process. Such cases

Conducting quality research requires the researcher to perform within both ethical and legal guidelines. “Ethics is the study of right and wrong” (Houser, J., 2012, pg.50). Ethics provide the avenue for decision making and are guided by the researcher’s integrity. Legal guidelines provide direction to the researcher by specifying what is required by law to conduct research. As a nurse researcher, it is an ethical duty to advocate for patients when incompetent, unethical or illegal practices are observed.

This chapter will present the research design, ethical approval processes, the characteristics of the participants, and their recruitment. It will detail the research procedure, in order to promote replicability

The collaborative approach to patient care “allows a closeness which, if accompanied by trust and respect, encourages a disclosure of information whereby real understanding can be gained of any situation or issue” (Graham, 2006, p. 1815). One has to understand though, that to affect a new and revitalized health care system in the United States, one must be ready to communicate with others. Communication “lies at the core of the nursing profession… It aids our ability to make sense of complex situations and the experience of others” (Graham, 2006, p. 1816). Florence Nightingale once said, “to pit the medical school against the nursing school is to pit the hour hand against the minute hand. Both hands are necessary for telling the time” (Graham, 2006, p.

Effective communication with patients is essential to nursing. Failure to communicate well with a patient not only effects the nurse-patient relationship but also can interfere with patient outcomes (Kourkouta & Papathanasiou, 2014). Orlando believed that communication was essential to interactions in the patient-nurse relationship in order to understand their needs and provide effective care (Parker & Smith, 2010). Orlando’s theory was based on the fact that patients do not clearly present the nature of their distress (Schmieding, 1984). In order to determine the patient’s needs Orlando’s theory supports an interactive nurse-patient relationship that is individualized to the patient (Parker & Smith, 2010). Orlando was the first nursing

Blackwell, w. (2014) states that we live in a society governed by an excessive extent of rules and regulations. Many of these rules apply to every individual within society for example rules relating to the use of public services; while other rules will focus and apply only to specific groups of individuals such as healthcare professionals. The aim of this assignment is to discuss the concept of consent in relation to the role of the nurse, with the purpose to demonstrate the ethical and legal implication of consent on nursing and professional practice.

In any type of research, counting things or talking with people are required. Consequently, it is beneficial to think of different opportunities for data gathering in any study, as well as to form these methods by their degree of predetermined nature, their utilize of closed-ended versus open-ended questioning, and their focus for numeric versus non-numeric data analysis (Creswell, 2003). There are three major elements that goes into a research approach is the specific methods of data collection and analysis as shown in the following table:

After deciding on a research question, a researcher must map out how the research will be conducted by creating a research plan. When designing a research plan there are a number of variables to consider, including deciding which research method to use. According to Creswell (2013), a research method is a set of criteria for how data is collected, analyzed, and interpreted. The author also explained that the chosen method is based upon the researcher’s philosophical assumptions and the research design (Creswell, 2013). Also to be considered is the problem being addressed through the study, the researcher’s personal experiences, and the study’s audience (Creswell, 2013). Research methods are chosen based upon whether the researcher is