Review: To Study scope of data hiding in mp3
*Nishant Sharma **Er. Gaurav Deep *Student (M.Tech), Deptt. Of Computer Engg, Punjabi University
Email: nsharma2104@gmail.com
**Asstt. Professor, Deptt. Of Computer Engg, Punjabi University, Patiala
Email: deepgaurav48@gmail.com
Abstract: Steganography is a kind of secret communication method used to hide secret data in some digital media such as images, audio etc. Cryptography and watermarking are other similar techniques. Data is secured using these methods, but the fact that data is present somewhere gives us a specific target, whereas sole purpose of steganography is that none must know there is some hidden data in the file. So, steganography easily has upper hand over cryptography and watermarking. Steganography can use almost all kinds of media present over internet to transmit secret data. In this paper, we review some audio steganography techniques, their algorithms and some challenges faced in their design and implementation. We will look in detail some modified techniques for audio steganography. Also, we look at the problems faced with using mp3 files as cover media.
Introduction
Steganography is the science of hiding information so that it remains undetected except by its intended receiver. Need of steganography arises when one needs to communicate privately and he cannot risk to arouse the suspicion by sending encrypted message in plain sight.
Goals of Steganography: The main goals of
The subject I intend to reflect upon is confidentiality within a professional healthcare setting. Confidentiality formed a part of our professional issues lectures and it piqued my interest due to how differently it is interpreted within healthcare as opposed to education, which is my background. In an educational setting I was taught repeatedly that I could never ensure confidentiality between myself and a child. Comparing that to what I have now learnt in healthcare, this seemed to me almost the opposite way of working as I was used to and so I wish to reflect upon this.
Steganography in the context of digital content piracy serves primarily as a method to track where digital assets are moving or who is receiving them. It can be a good solution for distribution of a small number of copies but becomes less effective when distributing on a wide basis. In order for it to be effective a content provider needs to recover the content by means of the unauthorized channel and examine the indicator marked on the copy. This is cumbersome for wide distribution but can be used on a broad basis such as by region. Region coding is used with many DVD releases for example but can also be considered a type of DRM (Andrew,
Goal of coding theory is different to data hiding method even though both methods use the error correction codes [23]. In coding theory, syndrome equation in the first stage of decoder block is used to detect and correct error which is not expected in advance at the encoder block, whereas in data hiding, syndrome is used to choose proper coefficients to insert a watermark signal and decrease distortion. In the embedding process, by choosing proper e(x), some of the host image bits are modified intentionally.
Hidden in Plain Sight, discusses the School of the Americas and how graduates from that school have committed atrocities in Latin America. From what we can see in the video and the reading fro class, the United States did not care about the civilian population. All they cared for was if the people they liked stayed in power and whether those leaders would welcome American companies into their countries. I believe that the United States did not deliberately train soldiers in the School of the Americas to go on and kill people. Rather, they trained the soldiers knowing that they would go on and kidnap and torture people, of course, the Americans did not care. As long as those soldiers were also fighting “communist”
The essay “He Would Never Hurt a Fly: War Criminals on Trial in The Hague”
He has a deficient relationship with the dominant mainstream American society because of his race, that’s making him to display a different personality by wearing which he called a mask. Covering his pain with a smile, and by sticking to his faith for healing, encouraging others like him to do the same. The advantage with his response, that he can hide his despair from society that neglected him because of the color of his skin. The drawback with veiling from agony and suffering, been at risk of losing one true self.
Probability that the harm would occur is care were not taken, this could be that the risk of injury is deemed to be incredibly small that a reasonable person would not have considered in taking precautions. Such was the case in Bolton v Stone [1951] AC 850. This case taken in the house of the lords found that the cricket club was not liable over a ball going over a fence since the chance of it happening and causing damage was so small. The defendant argued that the ball was only ever struck over the fence twelve times in the thirty year history of the club.
I really appreciated you bringing up this topic surrounding duty to warn and grey areas of confidentiality. This is a common theme that I face when working with the drug and alcohol population, and could specifically see it being an issue when working with family units affected by addiction. The confidentiality laws for clients with substance use issues are strictest in my home state of Pennsylvania in terms of provided care – more stringent than mental health alone. Code B.2.a. in the American Counseling Association’s (ACA) Code of Ethics (2014) identifies the need to break confidentiality when the law demands, or there is foreseeable harm. That being said, it still leaves a lot of room for subjectivity. If a partner in a married
The advantages of confidentiality particularly when counseling married couples or children it assure that anything the client said to the counselor will not be share with anybody else or leave the room so the client will feel safe talking about their current problems or sharing their deepest secret that they are either ashamed or afraid to share with anybody else it gives them the opportunity to create a goal with the counselor to work on whatever the issue is. If the counselor where to share the clients information could result in losing their professional license confidentiality is mandated by law in every
Watermarking has become very important since 1999. Audio watermark is a copyrighted production that is embedded with information of the owner. Some people thought the sound change was from compression but it is the sound from the watermark. Most companies have actually dropped digital rights management and started using watermarks. Digital rights management infringe on the consumer's right to fair use. Without fair use it doesn’t find its way to the public domain, which makes it hard for generations to build on from the last generation. This is why watermarking has become important in this matter. More people use it just to try to catch somebody else using their bass line or a few of their words. This makes it hard for people to show a certain artist that they appreciated and admired their music. According to Venkatachalam there are about 0.5 trillion copies of sound recordings in existence and 20 billion sound recordings are added every year.
I think invasion of privacy is a criminal act. How can people do such a thing when there are other criminals that we call hackers? Every day I used use Facebook as a way to communicate with other. Most of the time I like to post positive things so that others can get a good piece of inspiration. So do these stockers get anything out of what I post? I hope because they are truly sinister and need a reality check.
Before the electronic age and even before the inception of Internet, you required great effort to intrude someone’s privacy. And to make it more difficult, you needed to maneuver to where the information existed. And to go there, you needed enough motivation. The vast expanse between you and the information you sought consisted of a geographical separation. And when you finally reached the destination, it took hours, days or even months to finally locate the information you sought in the horde of scattered documents.
As already mentioned by most of us already, issues of confidentiality should be discussed at the onset and through out the therapy (Goldenberg, Stanton, & Goldenberg, 2017). While not all couples present for counseling with secrets, a therapist never knows at the outset of therapy for which couple a secret might become an issue. According to Wilcoxon, Remley, Gladding & Huber (2007) a therapist can insists that partners do not share any secrets with the therapist that they would not wish the therapist to share with the unknowing partner. Meaning, the therapist informs their clients that any information that is shared individually, even in confidence, is open to revelation by the therapist to the unaware partner, and he or she may acquire a
Nowadays, while most people are enjoying the amazing changes that the technology has brought to us, there are some other folks in somewhere secretly observing us and collecting our information without letting us aware. “Transparency is for those who carry out public duties and exercise public power. Privacy is for everyone else” (Greenwald 201). Many people claim that they have nothing to worry because they don’t have anything to hide, they even say if people are concerned or scared about this is, it’s because they are doing something unpresentable and they could be guilty .
Privacy is a valuable interest and is now threatened more than ever by technological advances. Privacy is defined as the ability to control the collection, use, and dissemination of personal information (Fast Trac Course ). At one time people could once feel confident that what others may find out about them would be treated in a way that it would probably do any harm. Information technology has been beneficial for privacy. By having access to ATMs and online banking we rarely have to present ourselves to a teller. Online shopping offers similar benefits such as being able to shop without standing in long lines and being able to compare prices and research products before purchasing. However, since so much of what we do daily is done