1. The aim of the study was to work out a prescription for a teat tablet with sodium ibuprofen of high rate of therapeutic agent release. Studies have been undertaken on the evaluation of xylitol and sorbitol effect on morphological and physicochemical parameters of the produced tablets and on pharmaceutical availability of sodium ibuprofen.
2. Two kinds of tablets containing 50 mg of sodium ibuprofen were developed. Sorbitol was the basic formulating component of batch A tablets and xylitol of batch B tablets. Quality tests of the produced forms of a drug (PP IX) were performed and the tests of therapeutic agent pharmaceutical availability by pharmacopeal paddle method and by a method with a teat.
3. The tablets of both batches had smooth surface and the same shape. The content of the therapeutic agent was within the limit 95-105% of the declared value. No essential differences were demonstrated in the profile of sodium ibuprofen release from the tablets of both batches in the paddle test. However, the observed significant decrease of the hardness of batch B tablets contributed to the expected rapid sodium ibuprofen release from tablets tested by the method with a teat.
4. The batch A and B teat tablets with sodium ibuprofen demonstrated the expected physicochemical parameters and high pharmaceutical availability in the spatula test. Batch A tablets with xylitol showed more beneficial applicative parameters and a high value of Q coefficient was obtained for them in
The purpose of this lab is to investigate the composition of a compound suspected to be Panacetin, a type of pain-killer. Panacetin is typically made up of sucrose, aspirin, and acetaminophen, but the third component in this experiment is unknown. The unknown component is suspected to be a chemical relative of acetaminophen, either acetanilide or phenacetin. Using techniques such as extraction, evaporation, and filtration, the three components will be isolated based on their solubilities and acid-base properties. Then, the percent composition of Panacetin can be deduced based on the masses of the three dried components. The
Aspirin is one of the most consumed painkillers created up to this date due to its reliability and low expense. It is often used to relieve minor aches and pains, reduce fever and as an anti-inflammatory medication. Due to its wide range of uses, the demand for this pharmaceutical is very high. As a result, manufacturers who produce this drug must be efficient in order to reduce the time taken to produce this drug and produce the in very high quantities.
Acetic Anhydride and p-Aminophenol were heated in a vial attached to an air condenser to synthesize crude acetaminophen, resulting in 0.097 grams (47.48% yield). The crude acetaminophen was then recrystallized in a solvent of water and methanol over heat resulting in 0.082 grams (39.61% yield) of pure acetaminophen. Melting points of both crude and pure acetaminophen were taken, and found to be 165.9 - 170.9°C and 168.2 - 171.5°C, respectively. The literature melting point of acetaminophen is 169.5 – 171.0°C, indicating that our final product was pure.
349mg of solid acetaminophen was weighed and placed into a 5mL conical vial with a triangular spin vane, point facing downward. Next, 2.6mL of 1M NaOH were added to the same vial. An air condenser was attached to the vial; both were clamped to a stability rod above a hot plate. An aluminum block was placed onto the hot plate stabilize the vial. A small thermometer was placed in the same aluminum block. The solution was heated gently and simultaneously stirred for 10 minutes until all solid was dissolved in the solution. The conical vial was removed from heat set aside to cool. Next, 0.3mL Ethyl iodide was added through the top of the condenser using a Pasteur pipet. The solution was once again heated but this time using the reflux technique.
This experiment was designed to determine which analgesic compounds common OTC drugs contained. According to research done after the experiment, the testing successfully determined which compounds the sample drugs contained. The results showed that Tylenol contains acetaminophen, Excedrin contains caffeine and acetaminophen, Anacin contains caffeine, and Bufferin most likely contains
Acetaminophen is a worldwide known drug used for aches and pains, but that is all that is thought of when the name is said. Because it is an over the counter medicine, nobody thinks about the effects it can have on you. In fact most people don't even read the warning label. In this paper, it will discuss all of the things nobody even bothers themself to look into. Such as common name/s, what it should be prescribed for, uses, side effects, warnings, drug interactions, and the chemical composition for it. This essay attempts to prove that Acetaminophen is more than just a benign remedy for discomfort.
The filter paper, holding the aspirin crystals, was removed from the funnel and was left to dry before being weighed. Once the aspirin crystals were weighed, the theoretical yield and the percent yield of the experiment were calculated. The procedure was repeated once more using the same steps.
The purpose of this lab was to determine the composition of four different over-the-counter drugs (Anacin, Bufferin, Excedrin, and Tylenol). These compositions were determined by using the method of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of the four over-the-counter drugs, which were then compared to four different components of drugs (acetaminophen, aspirin, caffeine, and salicylamide).
This experiment aims to indentify and characterize the major components of commercial analgesic tablets which in this case the assigned tablet was Ibuprofen Alaxan.
Suppositories are the frequently used dosage forms prescribed through rectal route. However, suppositories have the limitation of prolonged onset of action which can be attributed to poor drug release properties of suppository base. Surfactants can increase the drug release to aid absorption by reducing the interfacial tension between rectal fluids and the suppository base. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of different concentrations of sodium lauryl sulphate and tween 80 on the drug release of paracetamol from suppositories of palm kernel base (HAMIN®). Sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) and tween 80 were used in this study to examine their effect on the drug release from paracetamol suppositories prepared using HAMIN® base
Abstract: In this experiment, aspirin was synthesized from a reaction between salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. Acetic anhydride was added to salicylic acid to create a solution and phosphoric acid was added to catalyze the reaction. After the salicylic acid was fully dissolved in a boiling water bath, water would be added to decompose the remaining acetic anhydride. Through the process of filtration, aspirin crystals were collected and separated from the remaining acetic acid-water solution. Then, the product of the reaction would be weighed at 3.68 g and tested for purity. Overall, the experiment was successful in producing aspirin with little impurity.
In everyday setting within the hospital, nearly every patient experiences the feeling of pain. Along with this come other emotions, such as frustration and stress. Pain is considered to be subjective so self report will vary among the individual. When patients are admitted to the hospital, evaluating for pain is one of the six vital signs that is assessed at least three times per shift. To deliver patient-centered care, nurses aim to treat the undesirable aspects of pain, regardless of the source. Not only does pain management provide a solution to feelings of discomfort, but it also improves the healing process. Nurses and other health professionals utilize pharmacology to relieve pain quickly. In most cases, acetaminophen is the first line of defense because it comes with fewer side effects and is safer compared to other medications (McDonald & Molloy, 2012). The purpose of this paper is to determine if acetaminophen is more effective in pain management than NSAIDs in a clinical setting.
The aim of the present study is to formulate a dual therapy of peptic ulcer containing antimicrobial agent amoxicillin and anti-secretory agent pantoprazole, utilizing the concept of bi-layer tablet system for the effective treatment of H. pylori associated gastric/duodenal ulcer, in an attempt to improve bioavailability and to get maximum therapeutic benefits and patient compliance about the treatment. Different formulas of 575 mg amoxicillin were prepared as sustained release layer by wet granulation method and different formulas of 40 mg pantoprazole in form of immeadeaye release was prepared as extended release matrix layer by direct compression technique. The results showed that formulas prepared with Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC K100M) and xanthan gum and acasia as binder was capable to retard the release of Amoxicillin and Pantoprazole for 12 hr and 8hr respectably which according to dosing frequency of amoxicillin in treatment of peptic ulcer (twice daily) it will prevent drug free interval so achieve complete eradication of H. pylori, thus it was selected for preparation of bi-layer tablet. Regarding Pantoprazole, formula PS-6 (which consist of HPMC K 15 M,
The aim of this study was to apply and evaluate usefulness Central Composite design for the optimization of polymer concentration in sustained release tablets of muscle relaxant Baclofen. Drug release at 4 hrs (R4hrs) and 12 hrs (R12hrs) were taken as target responses, whereas the concentration of different polymers such as Polyox WSR 303 (hydrogel) and HPMC K4M (hydrophilic matrix system) were considered as impacting factors. A second-order polynomial equation was concluded using the multiple regression analysis for the experimental data. The design space was established targeting the successful operating ranges for drug release at 4 hrs (R4hrs) and 12 hrs (R12hrs) as 30.0-40.0 % and 90.0-100.0 % respectively. The design space illustrated
Oral administration is the most resourceful, convenient and major mode of drug delivery and is associated with superior patient compliance as compared to other modes of drug intake (1). Approximately 50% of drug delivery systems present in the market are oral drug delivery system (2). But main difficulty encounter in oral formulation (as estimated more than 50% of oral formulations are found to be poorly water soluble) has low bioavailability, giving increase to additional problems like high inter and intra subject variability , lack of dose uniformity and finally leading to therapeutic failure. The challenging mission is to increase the bioavailability of drugs (3). To overcome this difficulty, the oral controlled release (CR) formulations have been developed , as these will release the drug slowly into GIT and continue the constant drug concentration in the serum for a long period of time(4).