Studying The Antioxidant And Anti Tumour Effects Of Pleurotus. Ostreatus Mushroom

One major difference is that fungal cells have cell walls that contain chitin, unlike the cell walls of plants, which contain cellulose.The chitin adds rigidity and structural support to the thin cells of the fungus, and makes fresh mushrooms crisp

5. Know economic effects of fungi. Fungi produce gallic acid, which is used in photographic developers, dyes, indelible ink, as well as in the production of artificial flavoring, perfumes, chlorine, alcohols, and several acids. Fungi are also used to make plastics, toothpaste, soap, and in the silvering of mirrors. In Japan almost 500,000 metric tons of fungus-fermented soybean curd (tofu and miso) are consumed annually. Different strains of the rust fungus Puccinia graminis cause billions of dollars of damage annually to food and timber crops throughout the world.

Mulberry and blueberry are examples of the berries species that contain high antioxidants and low in calories. These berries may contribute in minimizing and preventing the risk of diabetes due to the presence of high amounts of phenolic compound and flavonoids such as anthocyanin. It may exhibit neuroprotective and anticancer activity (Wang Y, Xiang L, Wang C, Tang C, He X, 2013). The reaction of the antioxidants in berries related to the reduction of oxidative stress and inhibition of macromolecular oxidation in fruits that high in phenolic compound (Larson, 1988). The anthocyanin content also have other health-related function such as anticancer, antiaging and antiobesity. However, the research regarding these functions still in progress and some of the research still needs a further improvement. The rich content of poplyphenol in berries helps in reducing the oxidation and producing the insulin to reduce the blood glucose

Biomolecules are essential to the cell processes of human life. These molecules are broken down into three major components: Saccharides, Lipids, and Peptides, each carrying specific functions for the processes of the body. Saccharides, our focal point in this lab, enhance the synthesis of other biomolecules by supplying them with carbon, form structure in cells and tissues, provide fuel for metabolism, and are responsible for the storage of glucose. Saccharides are further broken down into three biomolecules: Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Polysaccharides. Monosaccharides are simple sugars that can be classified as Aldehyde or Ketone. These Monosaccharides can be easily identified with the reaction between the Benedict’s Reagent with

Discuss the mechanism of action of Moringa in fighting different types of cancer, such as:

Cordyceps Technically a fungus that grows on caterpillars in Tibet (giving it the nickname “caterpillar fungus”), cordyceps is an excellent energy-building mushroom with a long history of use in Chinese medicine. In fact, cordyceps has been

It is the phycocyanin in spirulina that has the anti-cancer effect. A recent study shows that the phycocyanin kills cancerous blood cells.

TNFa is an endogenous pyrogen, thus is capable of inducing inflammation, fever, apoptotic cell death and, inhibition of tumorigenesis. (Kleef and Hager, 2000) One of the most potent stimuli for TNFa is a bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) or (LPS) which is derived from the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. (Verhoef et al., 1999) LPS is a major component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, and contributes greatly to the structural integrity of the bacteria. (Kaszowska, 2004) Large amounts of TNFa are released in

Researchers such as Ralston and colleagues supported the hypothesis that trogocytosis is a mechanism in which cells receive nutrition from other cells, however, in the transaction parasites and host cells, the parasites virulence is enhanced killing the host cells. In the processes of amoebiasis, ingested E. histolytica settles in the colon of the individual, releases its mucus and interacts with the exposed enterocyte cells lining in colon causing cell death by lysis. Other models suggested that parasite attached themselves to host cells in order to kill through unclear mechanism involving releasing substances into the cell membranes. Additionally there was also a model indicating that pathogens engulf and ingest dying enterocytes by phagocytosis. However, this latter model is not consistent with the finding that parasites nibble on host cells through consistent actions causing cell death, then moving on once death is

Malignancies are closely related to weaknesses in the immune system. When the immune system is weak it is not able to destroy the cancerous cells in the body and they continue to grow out of control and eventually terminating with the death of the host. For all its immune-strengthening properties, colostrum is an important agent in the fight against cancer and it also contains an antioxidant molecule called phytic acid that blocks the supply of nourishing iron molecules to the malignant cells4. Studies have shown that a peptide molecule called lactoferrin that is present in high concentration in colostrum elicit strong anti-cancer reaction both in humans and animals. Tsuda et al. carried out an experiment where bovine lactoferrin was administered orally to laboratory rats suffering from different types of malignancies. The results showed a remarkable inhibition of the cancer cell growth even when external carcinogens were further added5. Xu et al. observed that due to high affinity of lactoferrin towards Fe (+3) ions, it has the capacity to show strong anti-cancer properties. In their study the researchers exposed human stomach cancer cell lines to lactoferrin for up to 48 hours and observed appreciable levels of apoptosis of cancer cells6. Another study carried out by Tung et al. focussed on the efficacy of

All three fungi, Pleurotus pulmonarius, Pycnoporus sanguineus and Trichoderma sp. were grown in three different type of media MEA, PDA and GYMP under conditions of pH 5.5 and temperature of 27.

Experimental, clinical and epidemiological studies have revealed that chronic inflammation is involved in the development of approximately 15–20% of malignancies worldwide52, being clearly associated with increased risk of cancer and cancer progression53. It is believed that persistent inflammatory cells recruitment, repeated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), pro-inflammatory mediators and continued proliferation of genomically unstable cells contribute to neoplasic transformation which ultimately result in tumor invasion and metastasis54. Determination of anti-inflammatory and/or antioxidative properties has been proposed as a good indicator for screening any anticancerous agents55,56. Oxidative stress and inflammation are two of the most critical factors implicated in carcinogenesis and other degenerative disorders such as colon cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases respectively. Hernandez-Ledesma and co-worker investigated how lunasin, affect these factors. Lunasin inhibits linoleic acid oxidation and acts as 2, 20-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) diammonium salt radical scavenger. Furthermore, using Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, lunasin reduced the production of ROS by LPS induced macrophages in a significant dose-dependent manner. Lunasin also inhibited the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-a [TNF-a] and interleukine-6

Cocoa powder exerted anti cancer properties in in vivo studies. Amin et al. 2004.,indicated that cocoa liquor extract lower the activity of tumor marker enzymes during

Mushrooms are nutritional functional food and as a source of physiologically beneficial and nontoxic medicines. They have been reported to have significant pharmacological effects or physiological properties such as bio regulation, maintenance of homeostasis, regulation of biorhythm, cure of various diseases, and prevention and improvement of life threatening diseases such as cancer, cerebral stroke and heart disease. They have been also demonstrated to have effective substances for decreasing blood cholesterol, hypolipidemic,

This study is limited to the possibility of producing edible mushrooms specifically Volvariella Volvaceae using rice hull and dried water hyacinth leaves.