Sub-Saharan Africa

Between the years 1881 and 1914, African territory was being invaded by Europeans during the New Imperialism period. Before Europe’s invasion, Africa consisted of various tribes and had no central government due to this during the mid nineteenth century. Europe attempted to colonize Africa using harsh military force and resulted in the European Scramble for Africa. The European Scramble for Africa caused African leaders to have different reactions such as some wanting to have no conflicts, but peace, surrendering to the Europeans due to fear, and also attempting to fight back against the Europeans.

After an elite revolution involving the advance of new technology and economy, global changes occurred. Capitalism, socialism, and nationalism were very popular before the fall of Africa, and before imperialism. With these ideas in mind, motivations like: the military, politics, demographic features, economics, and social classes had influence for the future of Africa and countries like Europe, Germany, and Russia were more powerful than Africa. Imperialism shaped when borders were opened, and authority was limited. A nation that is thriving on foreign trade and control outside its borders is more likely to imperialize. Europe’s acquisition towards African colonies in 1880 to 1914 included actions like the spread of religion , Africa’s lost

The ‘scramble for Africa’ was a phenomenon in the world between the years 1880-1914. The ‘dark continent’ was relatively untouched by Europeans up until this point, with few ports of control on the coasts in the west, which were remnants of the slave trade, and in the south, Britain held the Cape, taken from the Dutch during the French Revolutionary Wars. So, during a period of 30 years, it came to pass that almost the whole of Africa was taken by Europeans. (Except Liberia a colony for freed American slaves, and Abyssinia managed to hold out against Italian aggression). It will be my objective in this essay to analyse the economic factors which resulted in the almost complete colonisation and takeover of Africa, and also to determine to

“African Perspectives on Colonialism” is a book written by A. Adu Boahen. This book classifies the African responses to European colonialism in the 19th century. Boahen begins with the status of Africa in the last quarter of the 19th century and follows through the first years of African independence. This book deals with a twenty year time period between 1880 and 1900. Boahen talks about when Africa was seized and occupied by the Imperial Powers of Europe. Eurocentric points of view dominated the study of this era but Boahen gives us the African perspective. There are always two sides of the story and Boehen tells us the side less talked about informing us of what he knows.

Africa has had a long and tumultuous road of colonization and decolonization the rush to colonize Africa started in the 17th century with the discovery of the vast amounts of gold, diamonds, and rubber with colonization hitting a fever pitch during World War I. However, the repercussions of colonization have left deep wounds that still remain unhealed in the 21st century. Early on, European nations such as Britain, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Germany and Belgium scrambled for territories. Countries wanted land so they could harvest the resources, increase trade, and gain power. The European colonization of Africa brought racism, civil unrest, and insatiable greed; all of which have had lasting impacts on Africa.

The Scramble for Africa from 1876-1914 has influenced many Africans by violent resistance, diplomacy, and adopting traditions. During this time period, Africa was being colonized and taken over by European powers. This was caused by the The Berlin Conference and it consisted of European powers deciding what they should do about Africa. Africa didn't actually have a say in this. Therefore, Europe ended up dividing up Africa into colonies that they took over.

In the early 1880’s, the powers of Europe started to take control of regions in Africa and set up colonies there. In the beginning, colonization caused the Africans little harm, but before long, the Europeans started to take complete control of wherever they went. The Europeans used their advanced knowledge and technology to easily maneuver through the vast African landscape and used advanced weapons to take control of the African people and their land. The countries that claimed the most land and had the most significant effect on Africa were France, England, Belgium, and Germany. There were many reasons for the European countries to be competing against each other to gain colonies in Africa. One of the main reasons was that the

The majority of the decolonization process spanned from the early 1950s to 1970s with a few states under foreign control until the 1980s. The misconception, however, was that once the last African country was liberated, all ties with European colonizing powers would be cut loose and wealth accumulation would be redirected inwards. However, that is far from the truth. Liberation from colonial control failed to transform underlying realities; in actuality, a new form of colonialism was erected—neocolonialism, the “continuation of colonial exploitation without formal political control”.1 In other words, African states remained largely dependent on their colonizers.

The language of Islam, Arabic, was able to spread across continents. This commonality between people of different territories brought down the language barrier that was such a problem in intercultural communication. The common language served as a bridge between cultures for trade, which was extremely important to different territories of this time period. Islamic conquest allowed their culture to spread to many different regions. This, in fact was how Islamic territories acted as a bridge between sub-Saharan Africa and other civilizations in the Middle East.

Between 1870 and 1914, European countries ceased about ninety percent of Africa. Native Africans faced political, military, and imperialism pressure from various European countries. After the end of the profitable slave trade in Africa, due to abolishing of slavery, Europeans explored for new guaranteed markets, and heavily profitable investments. In addition, European countries were under industrialization, the demand for raw materials heavily increased. Europeans as well faced power struggles with one another and competition for political influence in Africa. European power struggle ultimately lead to the “Scramble for Africa.” Europeans undertook the process of imperialism in Africa in the late 19th century by exercising political, economic, and military power on their African colonies. Some African leaders and societies welcomed Europeans in hopes to protect and develop their native land. Some African leaders and societies responded to European occupation by gathering resistance groups in attempt to fight off foreign imperialists.

The concept of DEPTH is a call for more diversification, more export competitiveness, more productivity increases, more technological upgrading, and more improvements in human well-being in order to beckon in the economic transformation of Africa. Now is the time to expand upon the already growing African market, as is evident by the fact that 6 of 10 of the fastest growing countries in the world are located it Sub-Saharan Africa . However, there has been little to no development in the structure of the Sub-Saharan economy in the past four decades. Africa still hemorrhages natural resources, with little infrastructure to expand into the manufacturing of final goods. Economies remain reliant on agro and extractive sectors, leaving the population

The scramble for Africa represents the most thorough and systematic process of colonialism in world history. The European colonial powers managed to conquer and control almost the entire continent of Africa in a short, twenty-five year period from about 1875 to 1900. Some of the European states involved were already well-established global powers; the others were up and coming nations that desired to emulate and compete with the dominant imperial states. Various factors allowed for and contributed to the conquering of the whole of Africa by European states. The slow, but ever-growing European presence on the perimeter and the completion for dominance between the major European states acted as the platform for the inevitable quest for

The cultural elements that can influence HIV-AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa are the sexual norms, early marriage, widow inheritance and sexual cleansing rituals. Research by Sovran (2016) explained that Africans are often believed to be more culturally tolerant of multiple sexual partnerships, sexual indulgence, and prostitution compared to people in other parts of the world (Sovran, 2016). Moreover, there are different sexual practices that make an individual more susceptible for HIV-AIDS such as dry sex, where a woman sit in basin of bleach, saltwater, or fertilizer inside her vagina. The practice of dry sex is very common in sub-Saharan Africa to create evidence that women are not a prostitute or cheating. Unfortunately, dry sex practice increases

African countries have been going through one of the worst recessions in our day in age. Some of the things that Africa lacks as a continent are food supply, water supply, shelter, a stable government to control these key aspects in each country, and many more to come in the future because of the daily issues Africa is facing because of corruption in their individual government as countries. Recent studies show that, over 70% of major corruption cases in Sub-Saharan Africa involve phantom firms, which is financial entities that are currently almost impossible to trace or track without improvements in regulatory oversight, resulting in a tax loss of about $52 billion.

Throughout this process, in most African territories, African leaders gained greater political power under European rule. Following their independence, they worked to shape the political, economic and cultural, character of the post-colonial states for decades. Certain leaders worked against the challenges of continued European cultural and political dominance, while others worked with European powers in order to protect their interests and maintain control over economic and political resources. Decolonization was not only a process but a historical period as well. Yet the nations and regions of Africa experienced decolonization with varying degrees of success. Formal European political control was given to African powers to self-rule by 1990. Culturally and politically, nevertheless, the legacy of European dominance remained evident in the political infrastructures, national languages, national borders, education systems, economies, and trade networks of each nation. Eventually, decolonization produced moments of promise and inspiration, still failed to transform African political structures and economies to bring about true autonomy and