Sub-Saharan Africa Case Study

Of the 35 million people living with HIV in the world, 19 million do not know their HIV-positive status. Adolescent girls and young women account for one in four new HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa. Women are much more vulnerable to HIV, tuberculosis and hepatitis B and C than the general public. Which is supported by this excerpt from a recent AIDSTAR-One regional report “Women and girls often face discrimination in terms of access to education, employment and healthcare. In this region, men often dominate sexual relationships. As a result, women cannot always practice safer sex even when they know the risks involved. Gender-based violence has been identified as a key driver of HIV transmission in the region.” (Ellsberg, Betron 2010) Many children are affected by the disease in a number of ways: they live with sick parents and relatives in households drained of resources due to the epidemic, and those who have lost parents are less likely to go to school or continue their education. Studies in the regions of Southern Africa and South-East Asia have found HIV/AIDS to negatively impact both the demand for and supply of education. Orphaned children are either pulled out of school or not enrolled at all due to the financial constraints of

During the age of cross-cultural interactions, regions went through similar changes and continuities. These regions allowed consistent causes and effects to emerge and change their societies. These changes and continuities are evident in the regional societies located within Sub-Saharan Africa and the Americas. In Sub-Saharan Africa and the Americas from 600 to 1450 CE, opportunities for women changed, however religion and labor continued to influence society.

An upsetting pattern has risen inside of the previous couple of years, demonstrating a relentless increment of ladies being contaminated with HIV/AIDS every year. This pattern is particularly conspicuous in sub-Saharan Africa. While the illness is contaminating more ladies than any other time in recent memory and now represents about portion of those living with HIV around

330,000 under-15s living with HIV in 2009. This clearly shows that majority of the children in South Africa are with HIV/AIDS , this can effect a child’s availability to learn in school or even attend in the first place. Poor nutrition does not help this pandemic either as this can have an even worse affect. When under weight the immune system is even weaker and is not able to fight away diseases. Awareness of HIV/AIDs should be put in place in order to stop this disease from spreading. If children are not attending school due to HIV/AIDS it is hard for them to have better quality of life later on. Also leading to another point this does not help the countries economy as most of the workforces are dying. Food deficiency has considerable effects on whether individuals remain on treatment. Various people living with HIV in South Africa are unable to access nutritious food, which can result in malnutrition. Malnutrition can impact significantly on both a person’s ability to adhere to treatment and on the effectiveness of antiretroviral drugs.

The sub-Saharan region of Africa has traditionally been seen by the Western world as a barrier between the more "civilized" areas of the northern part of the continent that were colonized by Europeans and the deep, jungle regions common to the rest of the continent. The area below the Sahara desert was seen by colonial settlers as wild and dangerous. It was treated as its own separate entity, but in reality, this is not the case at all. Sub-Saharan Africa is very diversified in terms of ethnicities, languages, economics, politics, religion, and more. While it may still not be as industrialized as the northern part of Africa (with the exception of the country of South Africa), it is a very vibrant, diverse, and intriguing region of the world. In fact, the African Union prefers that the Sahara desert be seen as a bridge between northern and southern Africa, and not a barrier between two different worlds. In fact, the Sahara desert itself and its harsh climate and landscape, which makes it difficult to traverse it, has been the main reason for the prevailing view of there being two Africas. Until recently, interaction between the two regions was not an easy or common thing, precisely because of the Sahara desert itself sitting in the middle of the continent.

Today in Africa, many things have changed since the decades before us. Especially with dealing with West ignorance toward the sub-Saharan Africa. However, most of the conflict had dealt with geography, politics, religion and an economic perspective. Since, most of all of the options are extremely important. It had affected Africa culture. Not only is just Africa's culture important, but so is everyone else's. Which it made it clear, that something needed to be done. However, what is it that made these four specific explanations make such a disruption between the West and sub-Saharan Africa?

The crisis in south sudan is one of the world’s worst crisis. Having to go through it is horrible. The people have learned to live with little what they have. A lot if people had to go find safety because the crisis is so bad. South sudan is known for one of the world’s worst crisis.

Africa’s Sahel region faces many complex and interconnected challenges. Here are some of the major ones, and how the United Nations is assisting the region in finding solutions.

Sub-Saharan Africa’s grain yields roughly one third of other developing regions of the planet. Part of the problem is Africa's age-old dependence on rain-fed agriculture in a savanna climate, where the risks of drought are ever present. Sub-Saharan Africa lacks the river-based irrigation systems of South and East Asia. Another urgent problem with Africa's agriculture is that Africa's soils have been depleted of nutrients because impoverished farmers have been unable to afford fertilizers to replenish their soils. Older techniques for replenishing soil nutrients, such as the rotation of farm lands, allowing the replenishment of nutrients on land left to fallow for 10 or 20 years, are no longer feasible. Rising land scarcity because of

In west Africa, after an eleven year civil war, the Republic of Sierra Leone took part in a school building project funded by the World Bank. Unfortunately, due to caps placed on public sector hiring, there were not enough educators to adequately satisfy student demand resulting in students not being admitted to school (Marphatia, A. A., Moussie, R., Ainger, A., Archer, D.,2007, p. 9).

Over the past four decades, the economy has undoubtedly become an integral part of the whole entire world. Global GDP has almost doubled since 1975 with the assistance of new innovative technology and reductions in trade barriers. The overall global growth driven by trade openness has also reduced a significant proportion of people in poverty, the number floating just around 1 billion in 2011 and the most up to date number since. Lowering trade costs for deeper integration of markets holds the most promise out of the five areas of polices mentioned because it unlocks the economic growth needed for poverty reduction and create new trade opportunities for the poor through

Imagine yourself living in the worst conditions ever in Africa where many people live less than a $1 a day. Your living conditions are so bad that you are deprived of the most basic human needs where you don’t even have access to clean water, shelter, medicine and food. Now imagine where hundreds of millions of people in Africa living like this. What you think about such a horrible living condition?

It is a known that Africa contains some of the poorest countries on earth. There are tons of people willing to help change that but they may not have the best approach. Bill and Melinda Gates wrote a letter addressing such problems going on in Africa today. The pair displays their views on issues such as agriculture and incorporating new technologies such as mobile banking. It seems that one of the biggest problems will be how to educated and provide these new ways of living to some of the poorest areas on earth.

Depending on the livestock system and the level of integration of crops and livestock, manure use as a fertilizer might vary. Seré and Steinfeld (1996) classified world livestock production systems into four main types, which are all prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa and which can be associated with different feeding and manure management practices:

Concerning prevention of HIV infection, we must appreciate that while worldwide prevalence of HIV infection in women is 50%, in sub-Saharan Africa this figure is 57%.1 Moreover, young women when compared with young men, are 3 times more likely to be infected.1 Given the particular vulnerability of young women, programmes need to be focussed on reducing infection in young women and therefore in children. Gender equality is a worldwide problem, with many women not allowed basic human rights. Women should be offered equal access to information so they are adequately educated with regards to protecting themselves and preventing HIV infection. It is important that men and women understand that both parties need to take equal responsibility when it comes to sexual behaviour. Furthermore, we need to aim to eliminate physical and