Subdural Hematoma Research Paper

A skull fracture is an impact and open head injury; this occurs when the patient is struck in the head with an object. An epidural hematoma is not the same as an subdural hematoma. An epidural hematoma is an impact injury. This is when bleeding happens on the dura mater. A subdural hematoma is an acceleration/deceleration injury. This is occurs when bleeding happens on the

First, avoid injuries keep the patient from falling and prevent any further head injuries until the seizure stops. Second, record what the patient is experiencing. Information will be very important for the patent neurologist. If breathing seems sufficient note the patient's response, apply oxygen and place the patient on his left side to allow any excretion to drain, never place anything in the mouth of the seizing patient.

Extradural hematoma (Epidural hematoma): “Bleeding between the dura mater and the skull caused most commonly by motor vehicle accidents and occasionally by falls and sporting accidents”(McCance & Huether, 2014, p. 584). It usually results from a “brief linear contact force to the calvaria that cause separation of the periosteal dura from bone and disruption of interposed vessels due

Central neurocytoma is a rare tumor that affects young adults. Neurocytoma is characterized with its high reoccurrence rate after surgical resection. Unfortunately, the molecular cell origin of neurocytoma remains unknown till further investigation. Current and past studies has showed different genetic variations and reasons for the tumor that ranges from over expressed oncogenes like N-MYC and insulin factor growth 2, Platelets derived growth factor D and neuregulin. The tumor often involves the lateral ventricle of the brain. The current classification of brain tumors is centered on two theories, the first theory uses the phenotypic morphology of the tumor as an indicative of its origin.

Next, it is important for the caregiver to protect the patient from injury during a seizure episode. This protection will help to ensure that the person having the seizure will fall and be guided gently to the floor. It is essential to move anything that might cause further injury to the person during the seizure. If the patient is already on the floor, do not try to hold the person down or move the person because that can cause further injuries. Turning the patient on their side during a seizure will help keep their airway clear of any fluids that they may produce during the seizure. After a seizure episode, the aide will check to see if the person has any injuries or if the person is having trouble breathing. If there is an obstruction in the airway they can use their fingers to clear the mouth of vomit or saliva. It is possible that the person may be sleepy or confused about where they are once they come out of the seizure, but the caretaker will need to stay with the

It is important to note that there are currently no invasive procedures that Paramedics are trained to do in the field to reduce ICP and early recognition and prompt transport to the nearest hospital with neurological capabilities is the definitive treatment for this type of injury. In our case study, the treating medics were limited in their options for treatment, mostly due to the inability to secure the airway due to the patient locking down his jaw. However they were able to suction some of the fluid and maintain an open airway through manual manipulation and cervical spinal

The article starts by an example of Matt Masterantuono has an concussion during an Ultimate Frisbee tournament in Walla Walla, Washington, which gives some background information to the readers. Then it started talk about the brain injuries or TBIs, traumatic brain injury. According to www.traumaticbraininjury.com, traumatic brain injury is a brain dysfunction caused by a force hitting the head. I learned that football players are most likely to have TBIs.

Intracranial pressure stands as the compression in the inner part of the skull, in the brain tissue, and the cerebrospinal fluid. On the other hand, in a situation whereby the individual has an enormous bleeding, contusion, and brain laceration, which possibly will necessitate surgical interventions. The initial intervention is to physiologically stabilize the patient by monitoring the patient blood pressure and oxygen; given pain medication and complementary oxygen; treating seizures or fever, offering sedation and mechanical support for

A Glasgow Coma Score of 8 or less also is an indication that the patient will need to be intubated soon. Once the tube is placed the ventilation may be useful in controlling the intracranial pressure as an intervention. Hyperventilation is a method used to reduce the carbon dioxide concentration in the vessels causing vasoconstriction which lessens the amount of blood circulating in the brain resulting in a decreased ICP (Zink and McQuillan, 2005). According to Zink and McQuillan, this intervention should only be utilized 24 hours after the initial injury because cerebral blood flow is often reduced at this point and constricting the vessels more may cause ischemia to occur. While using this technique it is important to monitor oxygenation to the brain tissue to assure no irreparable damage is

This case is regarding a 45-year-old male with a history of brain injury and partial use of his extremities and contractures of his left elbow and shoulder. The patient was seeing a therapist for the last 6 months receiving water therapy and it was stated that he was improving really well. He was also left alone on more than one occasion and allowed to walk on his own with the use of a handrail; additionally, he wore a life vest flotation device. The pool area was also monitored by a lifeguard, however, on the day of the accident, no one knew where or what the person was doing at the time. The day of the incident the therapist was also working with another patient while he allowed the plaintiff to work out alone. An aide notice the plaintiff sunken completely under water and no one could explain how that happened with a life jacket on the plaintiff. It also includes that the therapist was only gone for 5 minutes.

The aftermaths of repetitive brain trauma - symptomatic concussions and other blows to the heads of different severity - has been a topic of medical discussion since the 1930’s...Yes the THIRTIES. There have been a lot of scientific research into the effect of concussions and how coaches, personnels and teams should deal with players who have been concussed. In 1933, the NCAA educated all of its schools on the correct procedures of dealing with a concussed player. The NCAA thought that brain trauma weren’t taken seriously as they should be. A procedure in the NCAA medical handbook that stands out is to not allow concussed players to practice until the symptoms don’t show for 48 hours. If the symptoms are present after 48 hours, they should

tissue can be damaged by a variety of things like infections, tumors, or strokes, any injury

Football has been played by various people over the years, and we have seen these people receive hits that they shouldn’t have been able to bounce back from. We’ve witnessed the effects that these hits have on people, and the multiple injuries that are life altering. Many such injuries were brain injuries, and the people affected by these each had their own opinion on what others should do to avoid being in their position, especially when it comes to parents with their chidren. I agree with the stance that former 49er Linebacker, Chris Borland, takes on the risk of brain injury from playing football.

An extradural hemorrhage is more prevalent in small children because the dura mater lining has not yet firmly attached itself to the junctures in the skull. When the head snaps back and forth the brain will bounce off the skull. This causes bruising or tearing to the dura mater or the meningeal artery.

A Computed Tomography (CT) can be used to inspect large hemorrhages, that could be surgically excised, but in case of small hemorrhages, it is insensitive. Small hemorrhages could be early contusions or diffuse axon injury (DAI). SWI comes handy in determining such small hemorrhages and intracranial microhemmorhages. It is a high-resolution, fully velocity compensated, 3-dimensional gradient echo imaging sequence that is extremely sensitive to blood products in hemorrhage and deoxyhemoglobin in venous blood. Normally, CT and MRI would spot traumatic hemorrhagic lesions in cortical gray matter (GM), sub cortical white matter (WM), major white matter tracts, including corpus callosum and internal capsule, brainstem and in the ventricles. SWI helps in localizing microhemmorhages lesions at GM/WM junction. The research paper explores about a comparison of SWI and a conventional GRE performed by Tong et al. The outcome of it was a difference in lesion counts, which was highest in the brainstem/cerebellum and corpus callosum, while, lowest in the frontal & parietal-temporal-occipital GM/WM. The research article also reviews a study by Wu et al about patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) using CT and SWI. The