Subjective Pain Case Studies

Pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience, and biomedical model which relates the intensity of pain to the severity of injury. The biopsychosocial model, views illness as a 'dynamic and reciprocal interaction between biologic, psychological and sociocultural variables that shape the person's responses to pain' (Turk and Flor, 1999). The biomedical model embraces reductionism this disease is caused by biological/somatic variables and believes the only effective treatment for pain is medical approaches. The biopsychosocial model understands that pain can be a dynamic entity that can changes over time. Biopsychosocial is affected by a person's internal and external environment. The two models allow the biomedical model significant medical advances; the biopsychosocial model has offered physiotherapy a wider spectrum of tools to help treat chronic pain patients.

Conceptual analysis is integral in understanding nursing theory. According to Walker and Avant (1995), concept analysis allows nursing scholars to examine the attributes or characteristics of a concept. It can be used to evaluate a nursing theory and allows for examination of concepts for relevance and fit within the theory. The phenomena of pain will be discussed in this paper and how it relates to the comfort theory.

No evidence exists to suggest that older individuals perceive pain to a lesser degree or that sensitivity is diminished. Although pain is a common experience among individuals 65 years of age and older, it is not a normal process of aging. Pain indicates pathology or injury. Pain should never be considered something to tolerate or accept in one's later years.

Pain is a prevalent symptom among patients in general and in cancer patients. The treatment and control of pain have been through the years one of the most significant concerns of health workers and a constant inspiration for the scientific community in the search for the ideal drug to treat pain with the least possible amount of adverse reactions.

Many theories have been suggested for clinical presentation of pain such as Cartesian module of pain in the 17th century and the 19th century specificity theory of pain. The 20th century central summation, sensory interaction, gate control, and biopsychosocial theories show deferent concepts from the simpler cause and effect approaches that essential in the Cartesian model and specificity theory. Traditionally within physiotherapy and medicine the medical/disease model has been suggested. Medical/Disease model acts on the basis that all pain has a dominant tissue or structural source. This model is founded on the Cartesian model and specificity theory of pain where pain is considered as sign of tissue injury and damage (Waddell, 2004)

For this I interviewed an individual who has cancer. He is older than me, different race, cultural background, ethnicity, religious beliefs and socioeconomic status. Un-fortunality, an integral part of his pain experience is the fact he also has a long history narcotics and drug abuse. He spoke with me about his experience, once he is diagnosed with cancer and started to have severe pain. Sadly, a major barrier he has been facing is being labeled with “a drug addict”. He states “ ..doctors, pharmacists, nurses along common people hold this past against me and always are suspicious..”. Moreover, he adds “..I am smart enough to play everyone – like I did in the past - if I want, but believe me I am not trying to I am clean now and just want to have no pain”.

Some point throughout our lives, we have experienced temporary pain in order to reach a more rewarding future. This pain can come in numerous forms for each individual, some physical pain, others mental or emotional pain, and some being a combination of the various types of pain. Whichever form of temporary pain an individual has, it is an obligation to be successful. I would venture to say physical pain is my dominant type of temporary pain. Temporary physical pain is something I have struggled with endless times in my softball career, just so I could play another game; this was the pain I I subjected myself to in order to keep playing the game I love. I realized after I fractured my hip during a game, too much pain took a lasting toll on my body. After the numerous doctor visits, tests, and X-rays, the doctors prescribed medication

Being in pain isn't fair to the individual who is having the pain. It is complex involvement that's altogether tuned by your brain. The outcomes are frequently interesting and counter-intuitive, like quantum material science. But, like science is evident, so is each agonizing sensation is made from the brain and there is no torment without brain. The sense organs are comprised of what the body can do. It also, includes a person's muscle control, how a person can take air in and if the individual can feel hot or cold objects. When a person is harmed, the natural response would be that of torment. Be that as it may, there can be times for occurrence, that you get a cut or scrape, but don't feel torment until you see the actual spot of harm.

“Playing with Pain,” by Michelle Crouch in December, 2016, teaches us that focusing too much on one sport is not very good. Studies show that specializing in one sport actually has the opposite effect of what people think or say about it. Crouch write in the article about the experiences of Kellen Sillanpaa, a young athlete. The central idea is that if a person specializes in only one sport, there could be consequences. Some of the consequences are having pains, not being able to play a sport or do normal activities, and having a lower chance of success later in life.

Pain is something that connects all of us. From birth to death we can identify with each other the idea and arguably the perception of it. We all know we experience it, but what is more important is how we all perceive it. It is known that there are people out there with a ‘high’ pain tolerance and there are also ones out there with a ‘low’ pain tolerance, but what is different between them? We also know that pain is an objective response to certain stimuli, there are neurons that sense and feel pain and there are nerve impulses that send these “painful” messages to the brain. What we don’t know is where the pain

The most common reason that people seek medical care is pain, and pain is the leading cause of disability (Peterson & Bredow, 2013, p. 51; National Institute of Health, 2010). Pain is such an important topic in healthcare that the United States congress “identified 2000 to 2010 as the Decade of Pain Control and Research” (Brunner L. S., et al., 2010, p. 231). Unfortunatelly, patients are reporting a small increase in satisfaction with the pain management while in the hospital (Bernhofer, 2011). Pain assessment and treatment can be complex since nurses do not have a tool to quantify it. Pain is considered the fifth vital sign, however, we do not have numbers to guide our interventions. Pain is a subjective expirience that cannot be shared easily. Since nurses spend more time with patients in pain than any other healthcare provider, nurses must have a clear understanding of the concept of pain (Brunner, et al., 2010). Concept analysis’ main objective is to clarify ideas, to enhance critical thinking, and to promote communication (Rodgers & Knafl, 2000). This paper will examine the concept of pain using Wilson’s Steps of Concept Analysis (Rodgers & Knafl, 2000).

Pain is not only defined as a sensation or a physical awareness, but also entails perception. Moreover, pain is an unpleasant and an uncomfortable emotion that is transferred to the brain by sensory neurons. There are various kinds of pain and how one perceives them is varied as well. Certain parts of the brain also play a key role in how one feels pain such as the parietal lobe, which is involved in interpreting pain while the hypothalamus is responsible for the response to pain one has. Although some believe pain is just a physical awareness and is in the body, pain is all in one’s mind because the perception of pain and the emotion that controls its intensity differs in individuals and when pain itself is administered to the body, the brain determines the emotions one attaches to each painful experience.

Transforming the pain into experience is an artistic process. It required Kira to see the beauty and value in the imperfect things, shaping them into something beautiful ad valuable. Although Kira's ability to transform pain into personal experience is tied to her abilities as the true artist she truly is. The point would be that maturation is possible with pain which is why children become adults by experiencing pain and learning how to deal with it. It is possible to gain freedom by recognizing the main source of power such as the Councilmen. Kira understood by the end of the novel on how the Council uses the Ruin Song and her design of the robe to control the village yet she does not want to leave with her father because she wants to stay

According to John Hopkins Medicine (n.d.), pain is an uncomfortable feeling that tells you something may be wrong. It can be fixed, throbbing, stabbing, aching, pinching, or described in many other ways. Pain is categorized as either acute or chronic. Acute pain is usually severe and brief, and is often a signal that your body has been injured. Chronic pain can vary from mild to severe and is there for long periods of time (John Hopkins Medicine, n.d). This paper will discuss a scenario that entails which person is experiencing the most pain, how two people can have the same procedure experience different levels of pain, factors that contribute to each person’s pain level, and two complementary/alternative methods of pain control.

Walking towards the entrance of the museum, a Jazz singer sings the tunes of the Harlem Renaissance, signifying political figures’ strengths and empowerment for communities to commemorate. Countee Cullen contributes a fourth note to the paradigm for future generations to employ as an prominent source. Continuing forward into the facility, an exhibits secures pictures of a male, ranging from a newborn to a man in a suit. Sharon Olds mourns a mature son in the last picture. Stepping into the final exhibit, feathers crowd the floor and walls, wailing chaos from all perspectives. What do these timeframes all have in common? Pain. The burning and longing sensation arises from poetically speaking about society’s unjust ways based on the color delicately placed on a person’s body. Another sensation of pain stems from memories tied to one’s own son peaking at the age of maturity. Now, the last painful sensation announces indignance with the everlasting touch of abusive power. The allusions in “Yet Do I Marvel” by Countee Cullen, “My Son the Man” by Sharon Olds, and “Leda and the Swan” by William Butler Yeats revive the sensation of pain into a deeper and more contorting level. The poets’ backgrounds present logic for the endearing effects they create as each stanza communicates a message associated with the torturous feeling.