Substance Abuse And Addiction : A Meta Analysis

“Addiction and Substance Abuse.” Issues & Controversies. Infobase Learning, 19 Nov. 2012. Web. 20 July 2016. infobaselearning.com. The argument is about the “War on Drugs” and if it is working. One side of the argument thinks that by not funding the “War on Drugs” drugs would become uncontrolled. They believe that by stopping the war on drugs it would cost a lot more money in lost productivity and crime rate. They state that rehabilitation can occur while the person in in jail, and it should not substitute their punishment. While the other side believes that though we have thrown billions of dollars into this war on drugs it has shown no improvement whatsoever. They believe that by legalizing drugs the government can better regulate

Adolescent substance abuse is a phenomenon in our country that has been steadily inclining ever since the 2000’s. The effects of this incline are very straight forward and call for action. The facts are that alcohol and drugs are the leading causes of crime among youth and that alcohol and drugs are the leading factors in teenage suicide. (National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence, Inc., 2014) Because adolescence is such a crucial developmental age the effects of alcohol and drug use are catastrophic. To fully understand this phenomenon we must firs operationalize all of the factors we are trying to study. The DSM V classifies substance abuse as,

However, Loree et al.,(2015) mentions that impulsivity also negatively influences treatment of substance use disorders. That is to say, the lack of impulsivity regulation not only is a risk factor for substance use disorder, it is also an aspect that inhibits the treatment of an individual with a substance use disorder. Abu-Shakra and Cox (2014), aim to do is say that disinhibited behaviours such as impulsivity not only influences substance abuse but, also disruptive behaviour disorders. The aim of their paper is to suggest that externalized behaviours, also known as disinhibited behaviour traits, influence the progression of disruptive behaviour disorder and substance use

The method for the study of whether two hours of didatic education on how addiction fits the disease model, change the outlook of paramedics towards their patients with addiction, is both qualitative and quantitative. The course will be created and taught to paramedics who volenteer to attend the course. Prior to teaching the course, a survery will be distributed and competed by the students to measure current attitudes towards addicts. There will also be a post-course evaluation to measure retention of the course and perceptions towards addiction patients. At 90 days, and at six months, students will have a follow-up survery to see if both outlook and clinical applications have been changed.

Adolescent substance abuse is a major problem in society. There are many risk factors that can contribute to adolescent substance abuse. One of the main risk factors is peer pressure. When adolescents start at a young age there is an increase in health problems, addiction, and over all poor social outcomes. Parental influence has substantial effect on adolescents because the adolescent sees their parents and they learn by their example. Media plays a role in the use of drug and alcohol use among young people. Many school systems have implemented programs that teach adolescents about the problems of substance abuse that is funded

Substance Use Disorder (SUD) deals with abuse and dependency of a drug. Drugs of choice are alcohol, cocaine, heroin, prescribed medications, and many more. Drug dependency is among the most prevalent illnesses. Substance abuse and dependence are both a maladaptive pattern of substance use, which leads to significant impairment or distress (Varcarolis, E, 2005). The difference between the two, is that abuse impairs responsibility at work, school and home. There is a recurrent legal problems but use continues regardless of the consequences (Varcarolis, E, 2005). There are problems

Whereas having a psychological dependence is a sense of need for a specific substance, either for its positive effects or to avoid negative effects. (Shultz, 2003).

Furthermore, it is explained by the authors that the “intersecting biological, psycho-social and systemic properties are fundamental features of health and illness” and also it “includes the way in which macro factors inform and shape micro systems,” which makes the properties have “active interaction with one another” (pg. 42). The approach is best understood as the way “knowledge occurs at the intersection of the subjective and the objective, and not as an independent reality,” concentrating on “the cognitive and social processes,” which is why substance abuse is complex and the behaviors resulting from such is dynamic because the “internal and external environments” are changing (pg. 43). The approach, which is also systemic, “places the

An imperative tenet of cognitive behavioral therapy is the anticipation of the possibility of problems occurring, and the development of skills needed to overcome the problem (NIDA, 2012). Thus, the approach does not assume the problems at hand; it recognizes that problems do exist, but goes a step further to equip people with drug dependence issues the ability to cope with the problems. Treating patients with the cognitive behavioral approach equips them with the ability to develop self-control. The ability of patients to control their behavior stems from their capacity to develop coping strategies whenever the urge for taking drugs arises.

This article begins by discussing the varying definition and vacillating perception of the word, 'addiction'. The authors explain addiction as a disease of the brain that causes dysfunction of the brain's reward system, motivation, and memory. Consequently, it is apprised that these dysfunctions lead to problems with the characteristics of an individual's biological, psychological, spiritual, and social aspects of who they are. The article transitions by drawing parallels between the characteristics of pornography addiction and substance addiction. A noted similarity that the article refers to is that the same pathways in the brain that are triggered by drugs are also triggered by internet pornography. Furthermore, the authors found that

Comorbidity between cocaine addiction and ICD exists habitually, thus making eradication of either disorder, when treated separately, difficult. Treatment options such as neurological inhibition, contingency management, and neurcognitive training serve to strengthen the function of the executive system. They involve methodical approaches that are effectual on areas of the brain that are associated with both disorders. Each therapy ultimately reestablishes the balance between the executive and impulsive systems of the brain, in accordance to the CNDS theory. Through my research, I have determined that there is no treatment that has been proven to be completely effective in eliminating cocaine addiction or ICD, or in assuring complete prevention of cocaine addiction relapse. However, all have irrefutable potential in eradication of both cocaine addiction and ICD. Additionally, integration of all of the proposed techniques may lead to novel treatments for both disorders. Further research surrounding the CNDS theory can further develop such novel therapy

Adolescence is a high risk period for the development of both depressive and substance abuse disorders. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry reports that one in three adolescents who struggle with alcohol or drug abuse also suffer from depression (“Depression and Addiction”). Substance abuse is common amongst individuals suffering with a depressive disorder. Adolescents suffering from depression typically turn to the use of drugs and/or alcohol because they can numb painful thoughts and feelings of depressed individuals, creating a brief pleasant and relaxed feeling in their mind. The use of alcohol, a central nervous system depressant, can tend to trigger symptoms of depression, such as lethargy, sadness, and hopelessness. Depression and substance abuse during adolescence frequently co-occur (Danielson, et al., 2003). Depression and substance abuse often feed into each other, where one condition will make the other worse. When an individual suffers from depression and has an addiction, it is often referred to as “dual diagnosis” (“Depression and Addiction”). Dual diagnosis is a combination of any mental disorder and an addiction, however, dual diagnoses that include depressive disorders are amongst the most

Keeping up with the life of a typical adolescent is not as simple as it seems. Adolescents frequently get consumed with negative thoughts about the future which causes anxiety and prevents sleep. These are all signs that can lead one to a state called depression1. Once an adolescent is depressed, it is common for them to reach out to substances that numb their pain such as: alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana. These drugs can be extremely destructive when abused. Since these substances can easily be bought by young adolescents, it is becoming more common for youngsters to reach out to these dangerous substances. Alcohol being the most prevalent and the easiest to get places a lot of trouble on youths. According to past research, there is a direct correlation between depression and alcohol abuse among teenagers aged 13-18.

Substance abuse is considered an epidemic throughout the country, affecting everyone involved, including health care systems, in particular emergency departments (Bernstein & D'Onofrio, 2013). Emergency departments are starting to look at different treatment modalities to improve patients’ overall outcome, hopefully guiding them to recovery, with more patients recovering from substance abuse, there is a potential to have a reduction in the number of patients utilizing the department. The literature reviewed discusses different treatment modalities that address the need for an alternative treatment modality; first brief intervention (BI) or Screening, Brief intervention, Referral and Treatment (SBIRT), second is booster calls or sessions and finally is the combination of BI with booster calls.

Drug abuse is an addiction, which has different substance types and can ruin people’s life or even cause death. People use it for variety of reasons such as getting away from their bothers or getting high. Approximately 200 million people abusing drugs, most of them are addicted in the world. This number is 200 thousand and more than 300 people dies per year in Turkey due to drug abuse. For having a good future for youngsters, Turkey must take care of drug use. According to Necmettin Özerkmen (2005), last years the use of drugs has increased day by