Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Research Paper

According to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2016), preterm birth are the birth that happened before 37 ended weeks of pregnancy and is one of the number reason of newborn deaths and the second prominent cause of deaths in children below five. The preterm babies have chances of an amplified risk of illness, disability and death. In the first weeks, the complications of premature birth may include: breathing problems, heart problems, brain problems, temperature control problems, gastrointestinal problems, blood problems, metabolism problems, immune system problems. Long-term complications includes cerebral palsy, impaired cognitive skills, vision problem, hearing problems, dental problems, behavioral and psychological problems, chronic health issues.

          In the Western world, SIDS is the most common cause of death for infants between two weeks and one year of age, but SIDS also occurs throughout the world. SIDS most commonly happens during sleep, although it can occur anywhere, such as in baby carriages, safety car seats, or

It is every parents’ worst fear to wake up one morning to find that their child has passed away without warning. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), the common name used today is also referred to as Crib Death, which is an unexplained death occurring during sleep of a seemingly healthy baby less than a year old (mayo clinic). Even though there are some ways to prevent SIDS, there is no guarantee that a child is a hundred percent safe. Some ways to prevent SIDS can be done with parental knowledge of how SIDS occurs. Even though the baby has nothing medically wrong, it could be that the parents did something unintentionally by accident or are simply uniformed.

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is a condition that many people still are trying to figure out why it happens to these babies. This syndrome is described as an unexplained death of an infant younger than one year of age. SIDS is frightening because it can strike without warning and affect a good, healthy infant. Most SIDS deaths occur at night and without warning. SIDS victims may have been down for sleep for as little as ten minutes, they show signs of struggle or suffering. Although SIDS is commonly associated with an infants sleep time, and often occurs in the crib. This event is not limited to the crib and may occur anywhere the infant is sleeping, deaths have occurred in

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome remains the leading cause of post-neonatal mortality (under the age of one) in developed countries. The causes of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome have been puzzling and research is being conducted to solve this catastrophic problem. Having a child under the age of one makes me very concerned, along with any other parent(s), that the possibility of SIDS could affect any infant at anytime, SIDS does not discriminate. I am seeking to find the possible causes to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome so in the future deaths could be avoided.

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is the sudden unexplained death of an infant aged one or younger that continues to remain a mystery even after a thorough investigation is done, which includes an examination of the scene along with an autopsy. SIDS was first recognized in the United States in the 1960s, with over 7,000 infants dying suddenly and unexpectedly each year. Researchers discovered that placing babies to sleep on their back decreased this risk, as babies that were put to sleep on their side tended to roll onto their stomach, causing them to smother. The Back to Sleep Campaign was launched in 1994; it played a significant role in decreasing the SIDS rates amongst all populations. However, certain populations continue to experience

Premature babies sometimes have apnea. It may happen together with a slow heart rate. Respiratory distress syndrome or RDS is a breathing problem most common in babies born before 34 weeks of pregnancy.” Babies with RDS don’t have a protein called surfactant that keeps small air sacs in the lungs from collapsing. “Intraventricular hemorrhage or IVH is bleeding in the brain. It usually happens near the ventricles in the center of the brain. A ventricles is a space in the brain that’s filled with fluid. Patent ductus ateriosus or PDA is a heart problem that happens in the connection between two major blood vessels near the heart. If the ductus do not close properly after birth, a baby can have breathing problems or heart failure. Heart failure is when enough blood can’t get pumped into the heart causing it to shut down. Necrotizing enter colitis (NEC) is a problem with a baby’s intestines. It causes feeding problems, a swollen belly and diarrhea. It sometimes happens 2 to 3 weeks after a premature bay has been born. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an abnormal growth of blood vessels in the eye. ROP can lead to vision loss. Jaundice is when a baby's eyes and skin look yellow. A baby has jaundice when his liver isn't fully developed or isn't working well. Anemia is when a baby doesn’t have enough healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen to the rest of the body. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a lung condition that can develop in premature babies as well as babies who have treatment with a breathing machine. Babies with BPD sometimes develop fluid in the lungs, scarring and lung damage. Premature babies often have trouble fighting off germs because their immune systems are not fully formed. Infections that may affect a premature baby include pneumonia, a lung infection; sepsis, a blood infection; and meningitis, an infection in the fluid around the brain and

Many questions about the causes of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), also known as “crib death,” are still unresolved. The mysterious and elusive nature of SIDS creates problems, doubts, and more questions. This paper will present some of the most commonly asked questions as well as the answers that have been uncovered by scientists after years of research and study.

However, although there is no known cause of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, doctors have found factors that can increase a babies chance of passing away from SIDS. Babies born prematurely, or babies with a low birth weight have a higher chance of passing away from Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Other factors that can increase a babies chance of dying from SIDS are babies sleeping on their stomach, sleeping on a stiff surface, or overheating are all things that could affect your baby. Scientists have also found things you could do to decrease a babies chance of passing away from SIDS, infants that were breastfed have a 60% lower chance of dying from Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. The Iowa SIDS Foundation also provides different links to products you can buy that ensure your baby is safe while

As I stated in the abstract, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome is the unexpected death of a healthy infant in its sleep usually under the age of one. It is also known as “crib death” because the death usually occurs in the crib. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome claims the lives of approximately 2,500 infants each year. The majority of SIDS deaths occur between 2 and 4 month year olds. The cause of SIDS is usually known and there are a number of causes. Causes of SIDS include: smoking or drinking during pregnancy, inadequate prenatal responsibility, prematurity, inexperienced mothers, smoking near or around the baby, enormous amounts of heating from blankets or pajamas, and placing a baby on its stomach (Floyd R. Livingston Jr., MD. Sudden Infant Death

However, multiple risk factors are thought to increase the risk of an infant dying from SIDS. The textbook Essentials of Human Diseases and Conditions describes many of these contributing elements, such as, “smoking and drug abuse during the pregnancy, poor prenatal care, exposure of the infant to secondhand smoke, prematurity, recent upper respiratory tract infection in the infant, sleeping in the prone position, and a sibling with apnea”. Others in the medical field believe that there are genetic anomalies that can create a disposition to SIDS in an infant. One such individual is Debra Wood, R.N at the NYU-Langone Medical Center. In her article on SIDS, she proposes multiple genomic irregularities that could play a part in the eventual diagnosis of this disorder: “abnormalities in a section of the brain that controls breathing during sleep and waking, abnormalities in the control of heart rhythm, changes in how serotonin (a neurotransmitter) functions in the brain, changes in some components of the immune system, inadequate arousal response to breathing obstruction or asphyxia—a lack of oxygen or excess carbon dioxide in the body caused by interruption of breathing; may cause unconsciousness”. The Ohio Department of Health lists multiple maternal factors that are deemed important : placental abnormalities, low weight gain during pregnancy, anemia and a history of sexually transmitted disease (STD) or urinary tract infection (UTI). Environmental factors to be noted

“911, what is your emergency?” “I need an ambulance sent right away. I went to get my daughter out of her crib; she is cold, blue and stiff.” This call occurs across the world every day; an infant dies unexpectedly of an unknown reason. The unexpected death of a child for an unknown reason, known as Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), has impacted many families. SIDS does not affect one race, nationality, or sex it can affect any infant between the ages of 1 month to one year. (Levy Raydo& Reu-Donlon, 2005) Medical professionals should inform expectant parents of all risk factors involved with SIDS, as well as prevention tips as this may drop the percentage rate/heart break of many families.

In the triple-risk model it suggests that three different factors or events can lead to SIDS: The first element of the model is the critical development period, where the baby is growing and developing rapidly. A rapid growth can make a baby’s system unstable. This defect possibly will be located in the brainstem, which is to blame for heart rate, respiratory controls and overall body regulatory mechanisms (Firstcandle, 2010). “The second element, the vulnerable infant, represents an infant with this underlying abnormality in an area of their brain stem that controls respiration, heart rate, temperature, arousal from sleep and other major bodily functions during early life (Firstcandle, 2010)”. The third and last element involves outside or environmental challenges, which a normal baby can easily overcome, but a baby already vulnerable might not. “Challenges such as tobacco exposure, tummy sleeping, soft bedding, bed sharing or an upper respiratory infection alone do not cause death for healthy infants, but could trigger a sudden, unexpected death in a vulnerable infant (Firstcandle, 2010).” “According to the triple-risk model, an infant will die of SIDS only if he or she possesses all three factors described above (Firstcandle, 2010)”.

Brain abnormalities. Some infants are born with problems that make them more likely to die of SIDS. In many of these babies, the portion of the brain that controls breathing and arousal from sleep doesn't work properly.

states SIDS as being "the sudden death of any infant or young child which is