Suicidal Behaviors

Correspondence regarding this paper should be addressed to Samantha Callahan, Danielle Patrick, Sara Roderick, and Kahla Stygar, Department of Psychology, Lindenwood University, 209 South Kingshighway, St. Charles, Mo, 63301

Moreover, these drugs' intended effects can themselves have the unintended or undesired consequence of an increased individual risk and collective rate of suicidal behavior: Among the set of persons taking the medication, a subset feel bad enough to want to commit suicide (or to desire the perceived results of suicide) but are inhibited by depression-induced symptoms, such as lack of energy and motivation, from following through with an attempt. Among this subset, a "sub-subset" may find that the medication alleviates their physiological symptoms (such as lack of energy) and secondary psychological symptoms (e.g., lack of motivation) before or at lower doses than it alleviates their primary psychological symptom of depressed mood. Among this group of persons, the desire for suicide and/or its effects persists even as major obstacles to suicidal action are removed, with the effect that the incidences of suicide attempt and of completed suicide increase.[citation needed]

Suicide is one of the most leading causes of death in the United States. With this in mind, people that are suicidal, see no point in their existence which later on leads to endangering their life. One of the ways individuals has taken account

Fiske, S. T., Gilbert, D. T., & Lindzey, G. (Eds.). (2010). Handbook of social psychology (5th ed., Vol. 1). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley

Today, the tenth leading cause of death in the United States. The researchers studied a high-risk group of psychiatric patients after their most recent attempt of suicide and compared them to equally ill patients without a history of suicide attempts. Treatment for patients who have just recently attempted suicide usually are put in a short-term inpatient unit for creating a crisis plan and becoming stabilized. Once these patients are released from the unit they are at a higher risk for repeated attempts or successful suicide. This risk lasts much longer than just a year after their first attempt. To assess the patients in the study the researchers gave them several self-reporting tools to fill out. Some of these tools included the RFLI, CDRISC,

In their study A New Perspective on the Anti-Suicide Effects with Ketamine Treatment, Lee, Syeda, Maruschak, Cha, Mansur, Wium-Anderson, Woldeyohannes, Rosenblat, and McIntyre, propose that the intravenous administration of Ketamine for patients suffering from acute suicidal ideation, is an effective treatment protocol. As described in the Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, this possible stopgap for an otherwise option vacant medical emergency may be a viable choice for patients experiencing acute suicidal ideation to include patients with a history of treatment resistant depression. Someone diagnosed with treatment resistant depression or treatment refractory depression can be defined as one who does not respond to pharmacological treatment

Suicide and suicidal behavior is not merely the result of an individual feeling hopeless or down and out. As a matter of fact, there are myriad proximal risk factors within one’s life that could possibly lead to symptoms and behaviors regarding ideations and thoughts of suicide. According to researcher Eve Mościcki (1997), “the prime foundation of an individual to commit suicide or express suicidal behavior consists of a constellation of essential constituents that act together and vary from one individual to another” (1997, pp.

This paper is being submitted on September 9, 2015 for Professor McKinley’s G148 General Psychology course.

De Munck, Portzky, & Van Heeringen, (2009) define suicide as an individual deliberately acts in self-harming or destructive behavior. Bremberg (2015) states that when an individual experiences stress that is greater than they can handle is when they are at a higher risk of committing suicide. Borges et al. (2008) states that there are three specific behaviors that lead to suicide-related outcomes: suicide ideation, suicide plan, and suicide attempts. The presence of psychiatric disorders increases the possibility of suicidality. Borges et al. (2008) defines suicide attempt as “self-destructive behaviors not leading to death.” Shirav & Levy (2013) found that suicide rates are higher in more economically advanced countries. The world’s highest

The significance of the current study is to explore the growing problem among youth today which is suicide and must be tracked to view suicide ideation in a deeper understanding that therefore it deserves new findings. In line with the above-listed literature regarding suicidal ideation factors that were simultaneously examined, the researchers would like to know how adolescents develop suicidal ideation. This will be supported by three sub-questions:

On the contrary psychological science views why adolescents partake in drug use much differently. The article “Adolescents’ and Their Friends’ Health- Risk Behavior: Factors That Alter or Add to Peer Influence”, authors state that “adolescents’ substance use, violence, and suicidal behavior were related to their friends’ substance use, deviance, and suicidal behaviors” (Prinstein, 287). The picture that I chose to best represent this is a girl with a friends behind her, and a thought bubble of her thinking that her friends believe doing drugs is okay and cool. I also thought it was as important to clearly show to adults or society that an adolescents’ friends have a huge impact on whether or not the individual uses substances, thus why I picked

Numerous risk factors for suicidal ideation, attempt and completion can vary across age groups, cultures,

Mr. Brower is a 69 year old male who presented to the ED via LEO for suicidal ideation and attempting to overdose on medications in the home. At the time of the assessment Mr. Brower is calm, however is not so cooperative. He denies suicidal ideation, homicidal ideation, and symptoms of psychosis. He is very guarded. Mr. Brower states, "I don't kno, I don't remember what happen tonight." when asked about tonight situation. Mr. Brower also came in with a head laceration. He expressed no knowledge of how he got the laceration, which needed sowed up. He states, "My son said something, I said something and now I'm in a big ole mess. He reports the death of his wife in 2015 and financial issues as stressors contributing to his distress. He express

According to Klonsky et al. (2016), it is difficult to predict suicidal behavior just as the comparison of findings and integration of knowledge across studies has been. Klonsky et al. (2016) further pointed out several factors associated with suicidal behavior such as depression, psychiatric disorders, and alcohol use and alcoholism. Suicide is considered a significant mental health problem for adolescents between the ages of 10 and 19 (Hamilton & Klimes-Dougan, 2015). In the practical sense, it may be assumed that the cases of completed suicide are based on suicide ideation which essentially links it to a mental health condition that incorporates undesirable behaviors influenced by potential underlying causes (Hamilton & Klimes-Dougan, 2015). Suicide ideation exists in adolescents along a continuum that incorporates passive wishes or thoughts for death on one hand and intent and purposefully obtained means on the other hand (Klonsky et al., 2016). There are various risk factors including a history of illegal drug use and access to illicit drugs that lead to suicide ideation (Klonsky et al., 2016).

Suicide is a serious issue that affects several individuals and families all over the world. This is a growing epidemic that researchers are trying to keep up with and figure out the main contributing causes while also performing preventative measures that will ultimately save lives of others. Over the past decades, the rates of suicide have continually increased and are becoming an alarming reality that most people are faced with. 30,000 Americans die by suicide each year; an additional 500,000 Americans attempt suicide annually (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2004). These are large numbers of individuals who have committed suicide or have attempted to. Most individuals who attempt to commit suicide or have completed it often times share many of the same risk factors, signs, and/or symptoms. These risks factors, signs, and symptoms can change over time and also vary by age, gender, and even ethnicity. It is important to examine one of the main risk factors that are associated with suicide and this is mental illness. In the past, as a society we were very reluctant to discuss that suicide and mental illness are directly related. This was because most believed that suicide was neither predictable nor preventable, but now with prominent research we have it shows a positive association between these two variables. With the advancement of research and technology, we have a better understanding of these certain mental illnesses and can provide