Summary: Genetic Information Nondiscrimination

The benefits of genetic science for society is for employers who want to know if their employers are in excellent working condition and if the worker will cause them more money when obtaining health insurance. If an employer hires someone that that is healthy then the cost of health insurance does not rise and the employee will not have to downgrade their health insurance plan so that they can accommodate the employee that is not healthy. The limitations of genetic science for society are the possibility of genetic testing causing safety issues at work, the development of a genetic low class, the breach of privilege and confidentiality, and the utilization of genetic bias to excuse different methods of discrimination (Krumm, 2002).

There are two main ways genetic testing places a constraint on a child’s right to an open future. The first of these is that the revelation of a child’s disease status can change his life narrative and the way parents and others treat him, and substantially alter his or her life’s trajectory (Davis _____). Parents may feel guilty or shelter their not-yet-sick

Genetic testing, can affect a person’s life in many ways. Genetic testing is a type of medical testing that identifies changes that occur in chromosomes, proteins, and genes. These changes that occur can be associated, and often are associated with inherited

In Improvements in Prenatal Genetic Testing Raise Ethnic Issues, R. J. Crayton produced an article about prenatal testing and whether or not parents should be allowed to have these tests done. First the situation of a high risk baby who will have a disability or defect after birth, so the parents decide to abort the child is being viewed as an inequality to the disabled community. Secondly, certain adoptions are put on hold since the biological parents chose to not carry the unborn child through the entire pregnancy, however, the surrogate mother wants to carry the child through the entire term. Lastly, research shows that the results can be a false positive, so unintentionally the parents decide not to keep the unknown, but healthy baby.

The inclusion of genetic testing into Electronic Health Records impacts the overall healthcare of patient’s because it informs the physicians and other medical professionals the selection of effective treatment or preventive action. A manager’s responsibilities are to implement policies to protect the confidentiality, privacy, and security of genetic tests results and information of patient’s. Policies contributing to potential discrimination acts are also advised because genetic/genomic testing reveals a patient’s physical characteristics.

Genetic discrimination is judgement based on one’s genetic characteristics or chromosomes. In 2008, the “Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act” (GINA) was passed, this act would prohibit discrimination based on genetics; moreover, GINA would prevent employers and health insurance providers from increasing health insurance rates based on one’s genetic disposition, which I will discuss further. In this paper, I will discuss the key purpose of GINA, summarize the five congressional findings that impelled the formation of GINA.

Basically the article claims that everyone is impacted by genetic testing, either positively or negatively. There are many potential benefits which can arise as a result of genetic testing such as individuals that are identified as carrying potentially harmful genetic alterations can receive regular

The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 (GINA) is an act of Congress that give individuals federal protection against genetic discrimination concerning insurance and employment; the federal law was enacted on the 21st of May 2008 (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, n.d.). GINA forbids group health organizations including health plans and insurers from denying insurance to a person or charging them a higher fee grounded on their genetic information that may indicate their susceptibility to developing a certain disease in the future. The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 (GINA) equally prohibits employers from conducting job allocations, hiring, firing as well as promotion decisions based on their individuals ‘genetic information. GINA includes revisions to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

There are many questions that would arise, for example, who would have the rights to the genetic information? There are no uniform standards for genetic testing from state to state. Nor are there strict policies protecting the vulnerable. The current standard is GENA, Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008, but it is severely lacking. While GENA protects against employers and health insurance companies requesting genetic test results, it does not cover mortgage lending, housing or schools, life or disability insurance. (U.S Department of Human Services). Before considering mandating genetic testing there should be clear and concise policies in place.

Any couple who's they themselves or their partner's family have a history of certain genetic diseases or disabilities will feel pressured to have this testing done. This topic reminds of the movie Gattica, where parents can now choose what traits their child will have, even removing conditions such baldness and alcoholism. In one scene the parent have chosen to have this done with their second born son, after conceiving their firstborn naturally. When they met with the doctors, the parent express that they only want to insure that their child is healthy and leave the rest up to chance. But the doctor they insist they don't, and they continue with the full procedure. I don't believe this could happen if these testings advances. Today's culture is tries it's best to more accepting of one another, if this continue I don't see future parents opting to do such testings. There will be some who do, but again it will only be a small percentage of potential parents who will do

Genetic discrimination happens when people are treated with bias standards by their employer or insurance company because they have a genetic predisposition that causes or increases the risk of an inherited disorder. Subsequently, this information can be used to discriminate against or stigmatize individuals on the job because they possess particular genetic traits.

When people experience genetic tests, privacy incorporates the privilege to make an educated, free choice about whether others may know points of interest of their genome, e.g., insurance, businesses, instructive foundations, spouses and other relatives, scientists, and social agencies. This incorporates a privilege to settle on certain conceptive decisions, for example, regardless of whether to utilize genetic testing. It likewise incorporates a privilege to reject treatment. A couple of court choices discover security for such data under the established precept of security, yet more ordinarily, security assurance against revelation of individual data is found under customary law tort principle. (7) Moreover, there is a federal privacy act, (8) and in addition state statutes ensuring

Thousands of people are experiencing discrimination with insurance companies, over something they have no control over, their genes. Every person has multiple DNA differences/or genetic mutation that can increase and/or decrease their chance of acquiring certain diseases, such as: cancers, alzheimer's disease, diabetes, heart disease, etc. But just because people may have those certain genes/differences, does not mean that they will ever get that disease (Genetic Discrimination Fact Sheet, 2015). It is also discrimination because, if people are forced to show their genetic information, it will/can lead to vulnerable groups being denied insurance or will have higher premiums to pay. People cannot control their genes and they should not be subjected to this

On the National Human Genome Research Institute website they provide various information about different issues such as health, genetics, and education. One main issue that they provided information on is genetic discrimination. They describe this issue as discrimination that can be toward an individual based on their genetics. To address this issue of possible discrimination, the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act was put into law in 2008. This law prohibits discrimination in the workplace and by any health insurance issuers. There are also other legal protections against genetic discrimination by employers, issuers of health insurance, and any others who may use genetics to discriminate. The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act,

The fear of genetic discrimination is a phobia gripping many people around the world. People find themselves asking, could my genetic information raise my health bills? Could this cause me to be rejected from a job opportunity? These anxieties are causing people to lash out at genetic research, and ultimately the human genome project. People do not want our understanding of human genomics to advance. This is because the risks of the development of the technology could inflict on them. A major risk is genetic discrimination. I believe that genetic discrimination is wrong and governments should continue to prevent it because it is an invasion of privacy, it violates equity, and it could really hurt people with genetic