Summary: Genetic Information Nondiscrimination

There are two main ways genetic testing places a constraint on a child’s right to an open future. The first of these is that the revelation of a child’s disease status can change his life narrative and the way parents and others treat him, and substantially alter his or her life’s trajectory (Davis _____). Parents may feel guilty or shelter their not-yet-sick

Privacy… it is something that everybody expects to have. There are certain things in everyone’s life that they want to stay hidden. With the way technology has been improving there are so many ways for people to find people’s deepest secrets. Everything from their past, all their medical history, academic past, nothing is completely safe. Taking someone’s genetic information and then knowing everything about him or her could be considered an invasion of privacy if the person does not know, but with the way that the times are, shouldn’t that person be aware by just simply touching someone they have the power to get information about you. Is it the victim’s fault? Should they have been more careful? No.

Any couple who's they themselves or their partner's family have a history of certain genetic diseases or disabilities will feel pressured to have this testing done. This topic reminds of the movie Gattica, where parents can now choose what traits their child will have, even removing conditions such baldness and alcoholism. In one scene the parent have chosen to have this done with their second born son, after conceiving their firstborn naturally. When they met with the doctors, the parent express that they only want to insure that their child is healthy and leave the rest up to chance. But the doctor they insist they don't, and they continue with the full procedure. I don't believe this could happen if these testings advances. Today's culture is tries it's best to more accepting of one another, if this continue I don't see future parents opting to do such testings. There will be some who do, but again it will only be a small percentage of potential parents who will do

What impact does genetic screening test results have if you can’t afford to treat it? Before anything, one must start basic and understand that genetic screening is the process of experimenting to test the blood flow and circulation. This act indicates which disease is most likely going to strike inside your body. If any, this process is convenient because the fact that the results give you more time to treat it. According to the very many righteous people the life of a human - being comes before the act of discrimination reaching them. Eventually if reports are isolated then most will be going to the insurance company scamming their system, than they will make lots of insurance money. Therefore not all people are / should be entrusted with insurance money trust, the citizens could make over a hundred thousand dollars.

Basically the article claims that everyone is impacted by genetic testing, either positively or negatively. There are many potential benefits which can arise as a result of genetic testing such as individuals that are identified as carrying potentially harmful genetic alterations can receive regular

In Improvements in Prenatal Genetic Testing Raise Ethnic Issues, R. J. Crayton produced an article about prenatal testing and whether or not parents should be allowed to have these tests done. First the situation of a high risk baby who will have a disability or defect after birth, so the parents decide to abort the child is being viewed as an inequality to the disabled community. Secondly, certain adoptions are put on hold since the biological parents chose to not carry the unborn child through the entire pregnancy, however, the surrogate mother wants to carry the child through the entire term. Lastly, research shows that the results can be a false positive, so unintentionally the parents decide not to keep the unknown, but healthy baby.

Therefore, in 2008, the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act prohibit discrimination on the basis of genetic information with respect to health insurance and employment. Employer cannot refuse to hire, or to discharge, any employee because of genetic information. In addition, it is unlawful to request, require or purchase genetic information of the employee (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2008). However, even with genetic non-discrimination legislation, mutation carriers may find themselves ineligible for life insurance and other long-term

The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 (GINA) is an act of Congress that give individuals federal protection against genetic discrimination concerning insurance and employment; the federal law was enacted on the 21st of May 2008 (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, n.d.). GINA forbids group health organizations including health plans and insurers from denying insurance to a person or charging them a higher fee grounded on their genetic information that may indicate their susceptibility to developing a certain disease in the future. The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 (GINA) equally prohibits employers from conducting job allocations, hiring, firing as well as promotion decisions based on their individuals ‘genetic information. GINA includes revisions to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

The benefits of genetic science for society is for employers who want to know if their employers are in excellent working condition and if the worker will cause them more money when obtaining health insurance. If an employer hires someone that that is healthy then the cost of health insurance does not rise and the employee will not have to downgrade their health insurance plan so that they can accommodate the employee that is not healthy. The limitations of genetic science for society are the possibility of genetic testing causing safety issues at work, the development of a genetic low class, the breach of privilege and confidentiality, and the utilization of genetic bias to excuse different methods of discrimination (Krumm, 2002).

Whether an employer or health insurance company should have access to your genetic information can one day be the difference between having a job and health insurance to having neither. Even though it’s prohibited for an employers to ask or request for genetic information there will be people who voluntary provide that information. Those who do provide genetic information might be doing themselves more harm than good. Many are against providing their genetic information as they fear it could lead to genetic discrimination and prevent them from acquiring the proper insurance needed to cover health problems or obtain employment (National, 2002). To prevent genetic discrimination laws like “The Americans with Disabilities Act” (ADA), “The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act” (GINA), and “Affordable Care Act” (ACA) have been passed to prevent insurance companies from denying coverage or increasing rates, employers from denying work, prohibit discrimination in public services areas, and prohibits the discrimination against those who need accommodations (National, 2017). While providing genetic information is not required, some employers feel that’s its necessary to have this information. If an employer is are able to access a person genetic information they can to determine whether the person poses a risk to themselves or to those around them (Midwest, n.d).

Thousands of people are experiencing discrimination with insurance companies, over something they have no control over, their genes. Every person has multiple DNA differences/or genetic mutation that can increase and/or decrease their chance of acquiring certain diseases, such as: cancers, alzheimer's disease, diabetes, heart disease, etc. But just because people may have those certain genes/differences, does not mean that they will ever get that disease (Genetic Discrimination Fact Sheet, 2015). It is also discrimination because, if people are forced to show their genetic information, it will/can lead to vulnerable groups being denied insurance or will have higher premiums to pay. People cannot control their genes and they should not be subjected to this

Although genetic testing can benefit society in numerous ways, such as the diagnosis of vulnerabilities to inherited diseases and ancestry verification, it also has the precarious capability to become a tool in selecting a more favorable genetic makeup of an individuals and ultimately cloning humans. Genetic testing will depreciate our quality of life and may result in discrimination, invasion of privacy, and harmful gene therapy.

Disability rights advocates have great concern about such procedures that eliminate so called “disabilities”. Many argue that the healthy wellbeing of a disabled child is often easily disregarded as limited and disadvantageous, when really many people with disabilities lead full and satisfying lives7. They argue that PGD is a form of genetic discrimination, particularly against disabled people. Professor Mark Henaghan, dean of faculty law Otago University and member of Advisory Committee on Assisted Reproductive Technology (ACART), states that PGD is indeed a form of discrimination. "If you choose an embryo that doesn't have a certain gene, you're discriminating against that defect. It's really a question of whether you think there is any great

The fear of genetic discrimination is a phobia gripping many people around the world. People find themselves asking, could my genetic information raise my health bills? Could this cause me to be rejected from a job opportunity? These anxieties are causing people to lash out at genetic research, and ultimately the human genome project. People do not want our understanding of human genomics to advance. This is because the risks of the development of the technology could inflict on them. A major risk is genetic discrimination. I believe that genetic discrimination is wrong and governments should continue to prevent it because it is an invasion of privacy, it violates equity, and it could really hurt people with genetic

On the National Human Genome Research Institute website they provide various information about different issues such as health, genetics, and education. One main issue that they provided information on is genetic discrimination. They describe this issue as discrimination that can be toward an individual based on their genetics. To address this issue of possible discrimination, the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act was put into law in 2008. This law prohibits discrimination in the workplace and by any health insurance issuers. There are also other legal protections against genetic discrimination by employers, issuers of health insurance, and any others who may use genetics to discriminate. The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act,