Aboriginal Business Environment

The Cammeraygal people stem from the larger Kurringai tribe that are associated with the Northern Sydney area, (North Sydney Council 2014) also known as Euro Country (Sydney history). Lissarrague in Austlang (2014), identifies that the name Kurringai/Karikal is not only the name of the people but also the name associated with their dialect Hunter River-Lake Macquarie language, which is derived from Guringi language. The Northern Sydney region felt a substantial blow from the severe effects of British settlers (Karskens, 2011). Consequently there are no known descendants of the Cammeraygal nation (Heritage 2012).

In the Ulladulla area the Budawang Tribe inhabited the Conjola, Lake George to Moruya, the Budawang tribe spoke Dhurga, which is an Aboriginal language spoken from Jervis Bay to Wallaga Lake. The Aboriginal tribal group from Jervis Bay to Twofold Bay was Yuin. Captain Cook first sighted the Budawang Tribe on the shores of Murramarang at Koorbrua Beach in 1770, yet the earliest settlers for the area were in 1828 in the Ulladulla Harbour. (C. Dunn, 2000).

The Australian Indigenous community hold extremely significant corrections to the land of Australia, of which they refer to as ‘Country.’ Indigenous people acquire deep meaning from the land, sea and the countless resources derived from them. This special relationship has formed for many centuries. To them ‘Country’ is paramount for overall wellbeing; the strong, significant, spiritual bonds embody their entire existence. Knowledge is continually passed down to create an unbroken connection of past,

Jack Davis’ ‘Honey Spot’ outlines the interaction between the Winalli family and Peggy and the Ranger, and the media article ‘Brisbane Tent Embassy battle goes on as Elder stands up for his rights’ by the National Indigenous Times Online discusses the arrest of an Indigenous elder after practising his culture at the Tent Embassy site in Musgrave Park. There are many common themes discussed throughout both ‘Honey Spot’ and ‘Brisbane Tent Embassy battle goes on as Elder stands up for his sovereign rights.’ Whilst both very different styles of text the themes of stereotype-driven misconceptions, Indigenous cultural practices being frequently frowned on by non-Indigenous Australians and rigid beliefs about environmental protection inhibiting Aboriginal

The bus also went through Sydney, home to the Eora people, Wellington, home to the Wiradjuri people, Gulargambone, home to the Wayilwan people, Boggabilla, borders between the homes to the Bigambul and Gamilaraay people, Tenterfield, home to Marbal people, Grafton, boarders between the Bundjaung and Gumbaynggir people, Lismore and Cabbage Tree island, home to Bundjaung people, Bowraville, home of the Gumbaynggir people and the Kempsey community, home to the Dhanggati people. Aboriginal communities lived on the outskirts of towns in reserves, many towns still refusing to let aboriginals in the same area as non-aboriginals in places like pubs, theatres, swimming pools and hospitals. This was seen in various Australian country towns. The designation of areas as ‘black’ was used to reduce white people from experiencing the Aborigines culture. The group held protests in the Returned Services League, the Moree Baths, the Kempsey Baths and the Boraville picture theatre.

Aboriginal land use practices centred on the sustainable use of the land. Aboriginal Australians practiced a form of agriculture known as ‘fire stick agriculture’. This involved utilizing fire to hunt animals, by setting fire to vegetation to draw prey into the open. Doing this also increased the availability of new grass and vegetation to feed animals. Minerals from the burnt vegetation are absorbed into the soil, increasing its fertility and therefore the abundance of vegetation in the area. Ensuring that there was enough feed for animals in the wild allowed Indigenous Australians to maintain population levels of the species they hunted in a sustainable manner for thousands of years.

There are 11 Aboriginal archaeological sites within the City of Boroondara, two of which are Aboriginal historic places that are registered with

Indigenous populations have been the carers and custodians of Australia and the Torres Strait for a period in excess of 60,000 years before being

Ecosystem is an important part of the environment and to protect the Australian native ecosystem many management plans are made to preserve it. Where the disruption occurred in the environment by human activities is not only the factor of worry, but also the exotic plants which are trying to take over the native species are a matter of concern too. The steps taken by humans to get rid of their own waste from the environment as well as the weeds, come under management plans. On the excursion to Buckley’s Hole, Godwin Beach, Red Beach and Melaleuca Wetland, it was observed that these areas come under the Buckley’s Hole Management Plan. Where the abiotic and biotic factors interact with each other and help in sustainability of better environment.

The Cronulla, Kurnell and Wanda region sites are ecologically and culturally significant. The Cronulla, Wanda and Kurnell areas are filled with beautiful beaches, magnificent

This meeting was the culmination of ten years’ action by new south wales aboriginals agonist the policies of the aborigines protection board.

There is close to 5000 Aboriginal sites in the Sydney region including rock carvings, ncluding rock art, shell middens, axe grinding grooves, ceremonial grounds, burial sites, stone quarries, fish traps and water holes.

30 years after the colonisation of the Wurundjeri peoples land, Simon Wonga, the Ngurungaeta or headman of the Wurundjeri people, was determined to attain land for his people and applied to the board for a piece of land on which they could farm and maintain. Wonga befriended a Scottish pastor named John Green and his wife Mary Green who shared a common interest in attaining land with him. With Wonga’s approval, they set to educate the Wurundjeri children so that they could adapt to this new colonial world, Mary educated her children along with the Wurundjeri children on the property that they were temporarily residing in, today known as Yering located 50km from Melbourne (Wurundjeri council?). After waiting tirelessly for the government to instruct them on which land they could settle on, Wonga led his people back to their country in 1863 located on the Yarra river in the area known today as Badger

The history of Aboriginal people in the Leichhardt care is not as prevalent as the one in Redfern. The land was once occupied by the Wangal band of the Dharug (Eora) language group. The name was given to coastal Aborigines around Sydney, it means “from this place”.

Deforestation’s accompaniment is erosion. Since much of strip mined land lacks proper restoration, weather causes further loss of soil and vital nutrients needed for native vegetation to grow. “Mountain Top Mining and Valley Fills Report” published by the EPA cites KA Harper and others educated and conducting studies in the fields of biology, environmental studies, and renewable sources. According to Harper, the change in mineral content of land affected by surface mining prohibits growth of indigenous plant life and allows foreign plant life to invade, changing the areas ecosystem (Harper).