Summary : Nanotexture For Enhanced Cell Adhesion

The biochip technology helps sorts thousands of different proteins from cancer cells by both their electrical charge and the patient’s stickiness. In addition, the 2-D fractionation procedure generates 960 separate protein fractions, nonetheless, which are then prepared in a single biochip inclosing 96 well grids (Sagoff, 2008). Additionally, scientist review microarrays with plasma "auto-antibodies" formed by the cancer patient’s immune systems. Biochip technology in this realm of healthcare is intended to take advantage of the information contained in the patient’s individual biology. Thus, biochips have progressively exhibited a great deal of promise in diagnostic medicine.

Whenever a monolayer is attached to a metal surface, the wetting properties and behavior can be significantly affected (Yuan & Lee, 15). In practice, densely-packed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) can be used to modify the macroscopic properties of a solid surface (Dilimon et al. 202). Changes in wetting properties occur due to changes in the angle made by a liquid droplet whenever it is in contact with the surface. This phenomenon is significant in several contexts for example, in industrial contexts: this property is used to evaluate the cleanliness of semiconductor wafers. In such contexts, contact angles measurements are widely used. Control of this property is also useful during penetration of insecticides or pesticides into plants, and waterproofing of materials (Yuan & Lee, 25). While the former focuses on maximization of wetting, the latter case seeks to minimize liquid-induced wetting (Yuan & Lee, 28).

Several studies have explained the influence of the nanoscale topography such as nanosurface and structure in cell capture, growth, adhesion, and orientation. Every cell type has a characteristic profile based on its mechano-physical properties [1]. Cancer cells show higher translocation times and peak amplitudes compared with blood cells, and their pulse shapes are distinctively different. Ion Selective Field Effect Transistors (ISFETs) have a huge advantage over traditional ion selective electrodes (ISEs) in that they avoid the high impedance by signal amplification. ISFETs generate low impedance signals and consume low power levels because of the transistor properties.

Anthracyclines antitumour antibiotics are capable to inflict the action of topoisomerase involved in DNA replication which inhibits mitotic and disrupt cells proliferation. Doxorubicin (DOX, with the commercial name of Adriamycin) is one of anthracycline and is a potent FDA-approved chemotherapy drug with the great efficiency to combat cancerous cell dividing [1]. Doxorubicin has been acknowledged to treat various types of cancers as well as breast cancer, bone marrow cancer, osteosarcoma and others for several decades that its ability limited by adverse side effect and unpredictable toxicity on normal cells leads to reduce immune cells and also extremely cardiotoxicity. Patients become more susceptible to infections [2]. For this reason, nanoparticles

MAbs bind to antigen on the tumour cell surface, providing the target for Fc receptors on the surface of natural killer (NK) cells. Cross-linking of receptors with mAbs triggers release of perforin and granzymes from NK cell that lyse the tumour cell. Cell debris is taken up by antigen-presenting

This process allows them to print an array of hundreds of tiny microfish within seconds. This does not require the use of harsh chemicals, and because the technology is digitized, it can be adapted to various other biomimetic shapes like birds or sharks. Moreover, the nanoparticles could also be customized to endow the microfish with different functions. Their tiny size, easy customizability and rapid manufacture make these microrobots amenable to a plethora of biomedical applications like robotic microsurgeries and drug

Cancer is a heterogeneous complex disease, characterized by uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. Cancer can be treated by the most common types of foundation therapies, such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Immunotherapy is a type of biological therapy that use the immune system to fight the cancer. Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that made on the T cells with genetically modified are One type of immunotherapy, that is also known as “CAR T-cell therapy”.CARs can recognize and attach to a specific unprocessed antigen, or protein, on tumor cells. The manufacturing of CAR T-cells requires several mainly steps. First,extracting leukocytes in Blood samples that is taken from the patient. After that, reprogramming T cells typically

The device (Fig. 1) utilizes a solid-state nanopore to immobilize an antibody to capture a target cell surface. The antibody with a biotin-end linear space arm is electrically captured by the solid-state nanopore and then attached to the streptavidin across the nanopore, which is too narrow to translocate either streptavidin or antibody. As a CTC passing by the nanopore, the antibody is attached to the cell surface and dragging the streptavidin towards the nanopore, resulting in a deep current blockade. Based on the flow-induced detachment mechanism, the antibody will detach from the CTC, and the current will return to the steady state current. There are multiple nanopores spaced along the microfluidic channel (Fig. 1b). As the target cell moves through the channel, the antibody in each nanopore binds the cell sequentially. Thus, the accurate cell identification is achieved by multi-measurements, which allows a cancer cell to be separated from a normal

In conclusion, cancer fighting nanobots are leading into our future and leading into more new discoveries in the medical field. This new technology will not only help everyone's live but also will help the lives of cancer patients, in medical form. This invention may just be the solution to help save millions of lives in today's

It has been long accepted that the spread of cancer to multiple organs occurs as a result of cancers cells traveling from the primary site to the distant sites where they colonize and form a secondary tumor. Logic dictates that the circulatory system holds the greatest potential to provide passage for these cells to travel to distant sites. Once these cancer cells have gained access into the circulatory system, they are referred to as circulating tumor cell (CTC).It has been a tough challenge to effectively capture these culprits in the act. Large in part due to the inability of the technology of the past, but with the present day breakthroughs in the fabrication of both biological and synthetic products, a number of technologies

The idea behind the research involves placing a drug, which fights a specific type of cancer cell, on an antibody. The antibody seeks out the cancer cell, docks on the cell, and binds to it. Ledford (2016) states the: “… cell takes it up and cleaves the

Through imaging, the researchers learned that the breast cancer cells arrived at the lungs and then stimulated neutrophils to produce NETs. This mouse model is relevant to the human body as Park and researchers found NETs in triple-negative samples of human breast cancer. Next, Park and the team used DNase 1 to digest NETs and obstructed the signaling pathways involved in forming NETs via in vitro methods. Results indicated that hindering the signaling pathways and digesting NETs blocked invasion, the step in which tumor cells break through the extracellular matrix and allows them to travel to their secondary site. In another in vivo experiment using BALB/c mice, Park et. al discovered that DNase 1 coated nanoparticles led to a significant reduction in metastases in the lungs (Park et. al, 2016). This suggests that digesting NETs is a promising method that can be used in anticancer treatments.

In addition to peptides, protein-based ligands such as Affibody proteins have been utilized for tumor targeting. Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) Affibody protein (e.g., Ac-Cys-ZEGFR:1907, amino acid sequence: Ac-CVDNKFNKEMWAAWEEIRNLPNLNGWQMTAFIASLVDDPSQSANLLAEAKKLNDAQAPK-NH2) is used to target EGFR that is overexpressed in a wide variety of human tumors. Cheng and co-workers used anti-EGFR Affibody protein as tumor-targeting ligand on 64Cu–Au-IO nanoparticles (PET component: 64Cu, MRI component: iron oxide, specific for EGFR) surface.[63] In their work, A431 tumor cells were subcutaneously implanted in the right shoulders of nude mice; and 64Cu-NOTA-Au-IONP-Affibody nanoparticles were administered via tail vain injection. Rather low resolution PET image showed that these nanoparticles were taken by EGFR positive A431 (human epithelial carcinoma cell line) cells reaching 4.6% ID/g at 24 h after injection, significantly higher than that obtained from the blocking experiment (1.9% ID/g) indicating the specificity of the probe. This difference in % ID/g values corroborated with 44% drop in MRI signal intensity that was observed for the tumor. In this study, the use of an Affibody protein as ligand for EGFR-expressing tumor in small animals was demonstrated to be successful; however, the benefit of multimodality was not demonstrated. The unique chemistry of this dumbbell-shaped Au–IO nanoprobe could pave the way for targeted drug delivery into EGFR-expressing tumors

We present experimental and theoretical results from a study of adhesion and the entry of magnetite nanoparticles (MNP) into MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The adhesion between Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone (LHRH) and breast cancer cells is studied using an atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique. The adhesion force between LHRH coated AFM tips and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells is shown to be about twice that between bare/uncoated AFM tips and breast cancer cells, while the adhesion force between LHRH-MNP coated AFM tips is also approximately twice as much as that between MNP coated AFM tips and breast cancer cells. The increased adhesion of the LHRH-coated tips suggests that LHRH can be used as a molecular recognition unit for

Biological membranes were shown to modulate the A1-40 aggregation and pathways depending on their physical and chemical properties. Here, we observed the effect of membrane variable nanodiscs in modulating the kinetics of A1-40 using ThT fluorescence dye. The formation of nanodiscs with different lipid compositions were achieved by varying the lipid to PMA concentration (see methods). The DLS measurements ensures a hydrodynamic diameter ranging from ~ 7 to 12 nm for the targeted nanodisc systems (Fig 1a). For a comparative analysis and as per the suitability of PMA for nanodisc formation, we used the 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3 lipids for our analysis. To formation of nanodiscs by PMA is further