Summary Of ANC Coverage

Provide full antenatal care including the screening tests in the hospital, community and at home.

The first problem that needs to be addressed is simply the lack of access for women in vulnerable populations to prenatal care. This is a major problem because we see that the rate of women who

Within Victoria there are multiple models of maternity care available to women. An initial discussion with the woman’s treating GP during the early stages of her pregnancy is critical in her decision-making about which model of care she will choose and this key discussion is essential in allowing a woman to make the first of many informed decisions throughout her pregnancy. According to a survey conducted by Stevens et al. (2010) only 43% of women felt ‘they were not supported to maintain up-to-date knowledge on models of care, and most reported that model of care referrals were influenced by whether women had private health insurance coverage.’ Many elements of these models of care differ: from location of care, degree of caregiver continuity, rates of intervention and maternal and infant health, outcomes access to medical procedure, and philosophical orientation such as natural or medical (Stevens, Thompson, Kruske, Watson, & Miller, 2014). According to the World Health Organization (1985) and Commonwealth of Australia (2008) there is a recognition that ‘85% of pregnant women are capable of giving birth safely with minimal intervention with the remaining 15% at potential risk of medical complications’ (McIntyre & Francis, 2012).

How socio-economic disadvantaged moms, results in their inability to good communication and less support systems in their environment, therefore reducing access to prenatal health care. Low education levels creates a barrier to accessibility of prenatal information and education, therefore, hampering mother's knowledge for good prenatal care.

Patients should be given information regarding the importance of prenatal care and availability of prenatal care for future pregnancies.

Maternal mortality represents more than the loss of lives for individual women, as it also reflects the larger value and prioritization of women 's health and threatens the health and survival of families, young children, and even the communities in which they live (Royston and Armstrong, 1989). Maternal mortality is unacceptably high (WHO, 2015b). Globally, approximately 830 women die every day from pregnancy- or childbirth-related complications (ibid.). The causes of maternal mortality are predominately preventable and can be classified into three fundamental causes: (1) medical - consisting of direct medical problems and pre-existent/coexistent medical problems that are aggravated by pregnancy, (2) underlying - social and legal conditions, and (3) health systems laws and policies that address availability, accessibility, and quality of reproductive health services (PHP et al, 2011).

This research consisted of key informants and general informants. These general informants were leaders in the community, granny midwives and African American and European American health care professionals. These general informants came from the clinics and hospitals where key informants were from. The key informants from each region were women who were either pregnant or had a baby within in a year preceding the study. (Marjorie Morgan, 1996)

Currently Medicaid helps in pay for about 40% of all births in the United States; this means that 40% of births in the United States are to mothers and families that qualify for federal assistance due to situations of poverty and low income. Medicaid also only covers hospital stays and services and doctors visits. This tells us that there is a need for improvement, as well as hole in the market, for assistance in maternal/child care during birth. There should be other organizations to turn to instead of only the government. Having more options for assistance and care would allow women to make healthier and more informed decisions

The reason this current practice needs to be changed is patients do not have the same learning style, and the literacy level of the patient population varies greatly. In order to increase patient knowledge and satisfaction, this education needs to be meaningful to them as well as easy for them to access at any time they chose. Giving patients different options to receive the needed information will keep them engaged in their care. The prenatal population can vary greatly in age, literacy level, and learning styles that it is the clinics responsibility to ensure their learning needs are met. Because of the advances in technology and the needs of the patients changing this clinic needs to grow and evolve as

Based on previous discussion, there are three major area of interventions required in order to reduce FASD through preventing AC among pregnant women: firstly, to increase health care professional and public’s awareness regarding to the damage of FASD and the danger of AC among pregnant women (France, et al., 2014; Kesmodel, Kesmodel, & Iversen, 2011). Secondly, to provide education and screening/health services targeting childbearing age female and pregnant women (Choi, et al., 2014; Davis, Carr, & La, 2008; Kennedy, 2014). Lastly, to provide educational/health care services supports to childbearing-age/pregnant women and their families (Byrnes, Miller, & Laborde, 2013; Mackenbach, & Mckee, 2013; O'LEARY, &

A mothers health is very important for a unborn child. She needs to make sure she takes care of herself before and after her pregnancy. There are different programs offered to mothers who are pregnancy. For example, the Woman, Infants and Children (WIC) is a program that offer mothers supplementary foods, nutrition tips, health care referrals and many more options. In addition, a mother needs to make sure she does exercise during her pregnancy such as walking and drinking a lot of water. It is also important to eat healthy like eating more vegetables and proteins and cut down fats, meats, sugars and oily foods. This is how the WIC is helpful for mothers because WIC educates mothers what is healthy and what is not healthy. The WIC program is

Pregnant women with social risk factors lack of psychological and finical resources, and on Medicaid are at a higher risk for negative pregnancy outcomes. These women require support, guidance, and assistance from health or social services that can meet with them geographically and psychologically (Glavin, 2013). Nurses all over the world share the same beliefs and values of promoting of health and prevention of diseases, holistic care no matter the living conditions, collaboration with the government, client, and health organizations, caring and understanding relationship, and independence in public health (DM). In the United States, a Nurse-Family Partnership is a free voluntary program that services new high-risk mothers to have a health pregnancy, improve the child development and health, and become more economically efficient. A nurse that has been specially trained visits the first time mother throughout the entire pregnancy and continues until the baby reaches the age of two. With each visit, the nurse offers support and any crucial information the mother will need to know for present and future care of the child. Public health nurses obtain knowledge from public and social health disciplines to protect and promote the health of the population. Nurses strive to create societal conditions to support health for an individual, families, and communities within the states.

In order to explain the importance of effective ANC towards maternal and child health, community health education and communication programs are needed to promote ANC and the right time of booking. Although findings confirm the importance of ANC for better maternal and foetal outcomes, gestational age at booking on its own is poor at predicting maternal and foetal outcomes. Thus, there is need to take into account the quality of services offered in health facilities during women's ANC visits, and to assess current practices of ANC.

The WHO has recommended that pregnant women should have access to potential care, trained attendants during child birth and referral for high risk pregnancies and obstetric emergencies (WHO 2003). The benefit of ANC has been demonstrated especially through research in randomized control trials. ANC has progressed to a more focused approach termed focused ANC from the more risk centred approach which classified women according to low risk or high risk. While the later involved many antenatal visits to determine women at high risk or low risk, it was not effectively implemented due to the fact that many women had at least one risk factor and not all developed complications; also the low risk women later developed complications especially during childbirth (PMNCH, 2006). The focused ANC also separated pregnant women into two groups: those likely to need only routine antenatal care of which two-thirds of the total population of pregnant women fall into this category, and those who constitute the remaining one-third with specific health conditions or risk factors that constitute special care (PMNCH, 2006). For the first group, a standard program of 4 antenatal visits is recommended with additional visits should conditions emerge which require special care (PMNCH,

Prenatal care is widely accepted as an important element in improving pregnancy outcome. (Gorrie, McKinney, Murray, 1998). Prenatal care is defined as care of a pregnant woman during the time in the maternity cycle that begins with conception and ends with the onset of labor. A medical, surgical, gynecologic, obstretic, social and family history is taken (Mosby's Medical, Nursing, and Allied Health Dictionary, 1998). It is important for a pregnant woman as well as our society to know that everything that you do has an effect on your baby. Because so many women opt not to receive the benefits of prenatal care, our society sees the ramification, which include a variety of complications primarily