Summary Of David Lordkipanidze

It’s an alligator! It’s a crocodile! It’s a lizard! It’s.. a fish? All educated guesses even preschoolers can notice. The discovery of Tiktaalik has given many scientists something to think about. The first being that humans may after all be closely related to fish. When first hearing this theory, for anyone it is hard to believe. Humans have fingers and fishes have fins! They have gills and we have lungs! Many things point towards the fact that humans have nothing in common with fish until one looks at the bone structure of each and how exceptionally similar they are. The reason for the similarity is because both species share a common ancestor.

In the Article “Redrawing Humanity’s Family Tree” by John Noble Wilford, describes how two different skulls challenge the theories of human origins and migrations. The Central African skull, that dates back to nearly 7 million years ago, was assigned to a whole new genus and species because of its apelike and evolved hominid species. The 1.75-million-year-old Georgian skull shows evidence that the first hominids may have been intercontinental travelers who set motion the migrations that occupied the whole planet. Finally a third skull was found that is the same age and shares a resemblance but, the size of the skull suggests that the brain was smaller than expected for H. erectus.

Discoveries relating to the human lineage are extremely exciting and often baffling. This is the case with the recent discovery of what seems to be the oldest member of the human family. A skull found in northern Chad in 2001, has been deemed the earliest relative to the human ever found. Nicknamed Toumai, and discovered by Michel Brunet and his paleontology team, this new category of human has been given the scientific name, Sahelanthropus tchaensis. What makes this skull so definitive is the fact that it dates back approximately 6-7 million years in the earth’s history (Whitfield 2002). Since the discovery there have been anthropologists and paleontologists that have

Discovering the origins and timeline of our species genetics is an essential component of our history. The majority of research into this topic has been relatively recent within the past many years. Scientists are consistently providing new findings and new information for this rising area of interest. Through widespread learning of this material can we collectively make sound judgements based on our own past.

Tattersall’s main argument in this book is how and why we are so different from not only our ancestors, but the rest of nature. Masters of the Planet goes into some detail on the skeletal features of all of our distant relatives but also focuses on aspects of social behavior, bipedalism, losing bodily hair, diet

Human evolution is the gradual process in which people, or Homo sapiens, originated from apelike ancestors. Scientific evidence, particularly in the form of fossils and secondary remains, show that the physical and behavioral traits shared by all people evolved over a period of approximately six million years. Humans are primates. Both genetic and physical similarities show that humans and the great apes (large apes) of Africa, chimpanzees (including bonobos, or so-called “pygmy chimpanzees”) and gorillas share a common ancestor that lived between 8 and 6 million years ago. The volume of fossils found in Africa suggests that most evolution occurred there and is likely the place of origin for early humans. This brings to fruition the “out of Africa” theory, also called the “single-origin hypothesis.”

The Article Ancestors was published in August 2001 it was published by Archaeological Institute of America and was intended for anthropologists. This article informs readers that two new fossils where found in Kenya, which gives us evidence that we did not evolve from a single ancestor. This gives us new insight not only on how species evolve but more importantly where we came from. The author put pictures in the article to show the fossils and a map to show where they were found. The pictures give readers visual evidence on how the species are related to us and that we evolved from more than one species. The author also goes into detail about the skull and skeleton parts that where found. Stating where they were found, how old they are, and

Non-historical evidence is necessary in understanding human evolution since the earliest stages of our history occurred before writing existed. While later civilizations could record their own history, the account of early Homo sapiens is incomplete without information from before written language. Subsequently, there are no explicit records detailing how humans expanded from one continent to all seven, causing historians to need alternate sources of information in order to expand upon theories of evolution; the non-recorded remains of these civilizations provide answers to many of the gaps left in humans’ evolutionary narrative.

Understanding human evolutions is important for identifying the stages of humanity and for understanding how our societies have developed. When most of us think about human

In Bioanthropology, the dispersal of early hominins is a common and a significant study that can reveal missing puzzles from the events that lead to the evolution of humans and its dispersal. In recent years, researches have argued the idea that Homo erectus was not the first Homo species that invaded Europe and Asia, but rather it had evolved in Eurasia (Reid, et al. 2011). Since the discovery of the Dmanisi fossil beds, dating up to 1.85 Ma in the Republic of Georgia, the theory

The theories of human evolution may always cause a heated dispute. Each theory presents its own evidence proving

During both the Early Pleistocene and the Middle Pleistocene, we see a number of hominins that paved the way to modern human development (Boaz & Ciochon, 2004). One of these hominins is Homo erectus (Lewis et al., 2013). According to Lewis (2013) while it is probable that they first developed developed in Africa, it also “. . . seems likely that H. erectus first arose in East Africa and then very quickly migrated to other continents”; however, it is hard to prove this hypothesis as new fossils are found (p. 236). While H. erectus characteristics vary across continents, the majority share the same range in body size, brains, and cranial shape. H. erectus adults had robust bodies weighing more than 100 lbs. and measuring 5’6” tall. The range in H. erectus brain size is 700 to 1250 cm(^3). The most distinct characteristic of H. erectus is its cranial shape. The cranium displays a thick cranial bone, large brow ridges, a pointy nuchal torus at the posterior, low forehead development, a wide cranium base, and finally a sagittal keel (Lewis et al., 2013).

Human evolution according to research started over 6 million years ago. The outcome of the evolution process is the current human beings. Scientific studies have revealed over the years a remarkable affinity between the chimpanzees/Apes and human beings. Even though this reality is not a definitive prove that human beings evolved from apes, it does show that the human beings are in one way or another related to other primates. Scientists suppose that the humans and the primates shared a common ancestor. The subject of what makes humans what they are and their origin has been the exclusive purpose leading to many scientific studies globally (Coolidge & Wynn, 2011). Studies believe that Africa was the origin of evolution millions of years ago. Fossil remains have been discovered in different parts of Africa as well as other regions of the world. Different hominins have been discovered around the world in the last 1 million years. Thus, the different discoveries have led to comparisons between the various species of hominins to clarify on their similarities as well as differences. This essay seeks to explain whether they were distinctively different species or regional versions of the same species.

According to physical evidence, and theories, scholars have concluded upon a whole hypothesis. Based on their knowledge and belief, modern humans diverged from Homo sapiens between 200,000 and 150,000 years ago specifically in Africa, that between 125,000 and 60,000 years ago members of Homo sapiens left Africa, and that these

The next species to appear were the Homo erectus which might have descended from Homo habilis. They were the first human whose fossils were found outside of Africa. They also had larger brain than the species before them. Homo sapiens sapiens came after the Homo Neanderthalensis; they are the only human species around. This could have been due to the result of increase brain sizes that allows more cognitive abilities that help them adapt to different environment changes and hence survive. Global evidence have been found of art, music, and culture and advanced tool making. In Mithen’s 3 phase of mind proposes that the shape of the Neanderthals’ frontal lobe was similar to the one of the modern Homo sapiens and this indicated that they were able to cope with complex cognitive functioning. Evidence for this could be explained using the phonological approach by Frank Gall (1758-1828).