Summary Of Globalization And Its Discontents By Evelyn Hu-Dehart

The signing of NAFTA also resulted in a big problem for the indigenous people in Mexico. Prior to the signing of NAFTA, Article 27 Section VII in the Mexican Constitution guaranteed land reparations to indigenous groups all throughout Mexico. With the signing of NAFTA, Article 27 Section VII was instantly removed. This article of the constitution is extremely important to the Zapatista movement given that it was the cornerstone of Emiliano Zapata’s work during the Mexican revolution. Article 27 also protected the ingenious people who had landholdings from sale or privatization. In Noam Chomsky’s Profit over People: Neoliberalism and Global Order, he notes that, “The uprising coincided with the enactment of NAFTA, which the Zapatista army called a "death sentence" for Indians...” (122). As soon as the agreement was signed the EZLN declared war on the Mexican state.

When it comes to globalization, everyone may have a different vision of it’s outcome. For Marcelo Gleiser, the author of “Globalization: Two visions of the Future of Humanity”, a completely globalized world may result in a dystopia. In contrast, Jeffrey Wasserstrom, the author of “A Mickey Mouse Approach to Globalization” and Tanveer Ali, the creator of “The Subway Falafel Sandwich and the Americanization of Ethnic Food” may think of globalization as other cultures sharing each other’s components to interact on a new level and spurring a more “open-minded” (Ali 27) individual.

One believes that the border is attacked by the ghost. Hundreds of people die each year while running away from border patrol, and violence from smuggling. The immigrants move here and there of borders to find a way to wealth of the America and sometimes find their way to death. It shows the heart rending situation of poverty and people fighting for death to earn. Some immigrants go back when there is problem in their home, and can never come back due to border security. This

The article written by Lisa Lowe refers to globalization as it relates to the United States. This article touched on the transitions which occurred. The shifts from culture in neighborhoods due to migrants arriving. This article also referred to the critiques of globalization. It’s important to know who is against or for this process. As it provides perspective to those who want understand motives behind the negative stance.

In his article “Globalization: Two Visions Of The Future Of Humanity”, Marcelo Gleiser states that there are two possible outcomes of the process of globalization. At first, he predicts that world can turn into a true global village due to the development of technology, traveling, trade and Internet. However, Gleizer explains that it is not easy to foresee unknown and questions how much this “scientific utopia” (8) is realistic, when considering politics and culture. Then, he argues that globalization cannot be achieved due to “evolved tribal nature” (9) of humanity, even though it is implied as the process which will diminish any barrier between various cultures. He states there is no doubt that trade and travel barriers will disappear by

As firms increased commerce by expanding their business into markets located in different countries, numerous trade barriers and international restrictions have been progressively disabled. This cross-border trading has changed the once historically distinct and separate national markets into a global marketplace. Now the economies of countries throughout the world have become interpedently linked. This process of global integration is called globalization. However, the impact of globalization expands further than economic transformation and unification. In the Hispanic country of Mexico, globalization has given rise to maquiladoras. The

Globalization is the process by which different societies and cultures integrate through a worldwide network of political ideas through transportation, communication, and trade. Generally, globalization has affected many nations in various ways; economically, politically, and socially. It is a term that refers to the fast integration and interdependence of various nations, which shapes the world affairs on a global level. Simply put; globalization is the world coming together. In this essay I will discuss multiple perspectives on globalization through the analysis of these three sources.

Migration in developing countries is often seen as a way of development through the stimulation of global currency within the country. Specifically throughout the Philippines, it is more common for migrant workers to be female, resulting in the overall structure and dynamics of these families to change. In the novel, Servants of Globalization, author Rhacel Parreñas addresses how the pre-existing structure of gender expectations and unequal employment opportunities for male and females abroad influence the overall gender patterns and impacts of migration from the Philippines, ultimately affecting the dynamics of families as they become transnational and challenging the pre-existing gender ideologies within the countries.

In Thomas L. Friedman’s “Globalization: The Super-Story”, he examines the features of globalization from various aspects and how it helps people better understand 9/11 events. He claims that globalization is the new improved system formed in place of the old “cold war system”(102), and through the patterns of which, people observe today’s world in an integrated way. Simple short phrases, organized structure, colloquial language, and punctuation are techniques Friedman uses to create a reader-friendly, convincing essay. To begin with, Friedman uses simple short phrases to emphasize his points. He starts with an enthusiastic term “big believer” (102), which establishes the colloquial

Perhaps a cliché to mention, but an important aspect of human life which has brought the entire race to where it stands today, is the very act and ability to communicate with each other; and finally in the 19th century, this ability to communicate culminated to that process of ultimate human integration which is known as “globalization”. Although the 19th century is considered as the beginning of the kind of “globalization” that describes the modern world today, the process is believed to have begun during the times of great voyages and discoveries. Arthur Macewan in his essay “What is Globalization” (2001) wrote, “Ever since Adam and Eve left the garden, people have been expanding the geographic realm of their economic, political, social and cultural contacts.

One effect of globalization has been the freedoms regarding trading and companies’ abilities to acquire labor. In North America we signed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), allowing trade and mobility between the countries of Mexico, Canada, and the United States of America. While designed to be a trade bloc between the countries, NAFTA has had many undesired effects especially on Mexico and industrial America. Mexican farmers have been badly hurt by the incorporation of NAFTA. While Americans have farm subsidies, specifically in the crops of corn, America is able to keep competitive prices if nor cheaper prices with that of Mexico. Moreover, this dumping by America has caused many Mexican farmers to stop farming corn and look elsewhere for employment. Thus, with America’s predatory pricing in agriculture, many Mexicans are forced out of business and forced to look elsewhere for work. Of course the most prosperous place to work is America, thus, we have a circle in which NAFTA has added to the amount of undocumented workers coming to America.

There is controversy over when globalization began because there is no crystal clear start to globalization. Some people believe that globalization started when the Buddhist leader Chandragupta combined aspects of trade, religion, and military to create a protected trading area. Others believe that globalization began under Genghis Khan’s rule. The Mongolian warrior-ruler created an empire that had trade integrated into it. There are also some experts that believe that the rise of globalization was linked to 1492, the year Christopher Columbus made his first trip to the New World.

Economic globalization can be described as “the development of an increasingly integrated global economy marked especially by free trade, free flow of capital, and the tapping of cheaper foreign labor markets". To some, globalization can be described as the economic and political dominance by wealthy nations over smaller nations, with lesser economic stance. Cultural globalization as a mixing of cultures, through means of immigration and cultures coming into contact with one another. The United States is a rich western nation that continues to dominate, and drive policy formulation in several countries. Globalization with political dominance as a driver is often linked to trade and financial markets. In this essay, I chose to focus on the globalization that has occurred and still occurs in Mexico.

Globalization is defined as a worldwide development, the process of spreading ideas. More recently, globalization has become more focused on economics, the spreading of capitalism and opening international trade. Globalization through the past 50 years has developed a bad reputation, one that does not benefit countries the way people thought it would. Joseph E. Stiglitz, in his book, Globalization and Its Discontents, stresses that modern globalization is a good thing, but has not been done correctly in the past few decades. The ideas behind globalization have the potential to benefit the world, specifically developing countries. Stiglitz goes into detail about how the problem falls with the misguided attempts of the international economic institutions to solve developing countries’ economic problems. Something has gone very wrong with globalization, and the purpose of this book is to shed some light on where it went wrong. Stiglitz presents the problems with the international economic institutions’ damaging policies and their effects using ethnographic field work and historically comparative methods.

Up to now the literature review has given an insight into the concept of globalization, and the understanding of several academics in the light of how this phenomenon developed over the years. It is then essential to cover what the economic benefits of globalization are, and how these may impact a sector or company. Most of the literature study’s that have been written on the economic benefits of globalization have been after 2006. The reason is because the studies used the globalization index which was created by Dreher (2006) then further developed by Dreher (2008) again. Many of the empirical studies used this index as indicator as a base to form their findings.