Summary Of The Art Of The Common Place By Wendell Berry

Among the critical responses to Home to Harlem, W.E.B. Du Bois’s criticism of Claude McKay’s text seemingly speaks from an essentialist perspective. Du Bois simply found that McKay’s representation of black culture within his novel reproduced stereotypical and crude images which white audiences desired in the midst of the Harlem Renaissance. In response to Du Bois, McKay argued that the novel was created for a black audience, but, to delve even deeper outside of Claude McKay’s views, it could be argued that Home to Harlem does not produce a single identity at all. Rather, Home to Harlem’s perpetual mobility and movement invests in the idea of black “identity as ‘production’” rather than as the exhibition of a “collective ‘one true self’”

Society, as viewed today, is not the same as it was at the end of the twentieth century, treatment of minorities was much different. Brent Staples was a writer at the time and choose to highlight this treatment in a piece titled Black Men and Public Space. Staples published this piece in Harper’s Magazine in 1986 which was an American magazine that covered politics, society, culture, and the environment. Even though the readers of the magazine were most likely aware of the culture surrounding African Americans it still was an effective piece. In Black Men and Public Space Brent Staples analysis the cultural identity of African Americans through the descriptions of personal experiences that he has had.

To show first hand to the whites the inequality’s and hardships that the blacks face, the entire first section is in a narrative and a descriptive format. The use of these types of essays lets the readers feel more involved in the story and feel things for themselves. Split into two sections within itself, this first paragraph juxtaposes two stories — one about a “young Negro boy” living in Harlem, and the other about a “young Negro girl” living in Birmingham. The parallelism in the sentence structures of introducing the children likens them even more — despite the differences between them — whether it be their far away location, or their differing, yet still awful, situations. Since this section is focused more towards his white audience, King goes into a description of what it was like living as an African American in those times— a situation the black audience knew all too well. His intense word choice of describing the boy’s house as “vermin-infested” provokes a very negative reaction due to the bad

One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land.

To fully understand Wendell Berry’s works more especially “Manifesto: The Mad Farmer Liberation Front” we take a look at his life. Born to an educated farmer in rural Kentucky Wendell Berry learned at an early age how important the

James Baldwin and Langston Hughes wrote two pieces of literature, Baldwin's letter to his nephew at the beginning of The Fire Next Time and Hughes’ “Let America be America Again”, to show how minorities, specifically African-American, struggled in America. Both authors write how about minorities are oppressed and how they have to fight oppression in order to realize “The American Dream” and overcome obstacles the white American man did not have. The two pieces give an insight on how, not only the African-Americans but also “the red man” and “the refugee”, are oppressed in America. Leonard Pitts work is about how Americans tip-toe around the problems is their country. Pitts statement in his article is that Americans need to realize what is wrong with America and how they need to work together to fix it.

Brent Staples “Black Men and Public Space” is a look at how people perceive black people in the 1960s. Staples explains how people would treat him on a day to day basis. Even when he was a child he would be looked at differently because of his color. He quickly establishes ethos, logos and pathos credibility tough the many examples. This article shows the injustices done to him while living in New York. Brent Staples Black Men and Public Space uses pathos, ethos, and logos effectively throughout the essay.

Since 1955 James Baldwin’s essay “Stranger in the Village” has become a legendary work which raises questions about racism, its history and nature. It is usually understood as a classic model which maps the obstacles that African Americans have encountered in white society; also the essay can be interpreted as a lens through which American blacks could perceive the world around them as a result of American slavery. Yet, these speculations fail to take into account the groundlessness of “white supremacy” which is evident from the author’s description of a godforsaken village where people are ignorant and literally entrapped. Moreover, it is unjustified for the protagonist to feel villagers’ dominance since it is inconsistent with circumstances that he presents to readers as well as the apparent advantages that he has over the villagers. And so, if we continue to see the story as simply discriminatory against blacks, we miss an important message of that there is something (values) beyond racial advantages, what the nature of genuine supremacy is (which could be based on other values rather than on color of the skin), (what are the things that are more important than the race) and we fail to make objective judgments of one’s unfeigned domination. In his essay “Stranger in the Village” Baldwin forces readers to confront their cultural assumptions about racial superiority and come to a new understanding of genuine supremacy through extoling contemporary American society over

Expectations were met with severe disappointment for most blacks in America following the Civil War. Rather than gifting African-Americans with the freedom they dreamt about and fought hard for, the Emancipation led to an achievement of an ambiguous status in society, which created a larger problem of race that W.E.B Du Bois discusses in The Souls of Black Folk. In order to introduce this problem, Du Bois employs the use of a metaphor that compares the post-war life of Blacks in America to being stuck within a Veil as most held distorted images of self and self-worth. His use of the Veil metaphor emphasizes the severity of the “Negro Problem” in an attempt to convince white Americans that, in order for real progress of American industry and culture to take place, the problem must be solved.

African American individuals still faced inhumane discrimination and were often not looked at as people, let alone cared for or acknowledged. To anyone else, their opinions did not matter and their lives were not valued. The 1930?s was also a time in which America was being rebuilt after the detrimental effects of the Great Depression. Furthermore, there was a greater presence of African Americans in northern states, which brought about racial tension from powerful white figures who did not want African Americans in what they believed to be ?their cities?. The struggle to find jobs was present all over, and African Americans found it even more difficult to support themselves. The narrator faced all these obstacles throughout the course of this novel.

There have been many cases of social injustice on a number of occasions in the expansive history of the United States. The oppressions of the early movements for women’s suffrage and the relocation and encampment of Native Americans are two of many occurrences. Around the middle of the 20th century, a movement for equality and civil liberties for African Americans among citizens began. In this essay, Notes of a Native son James Baldwin, a black man living in this time, recalls experiences from within the heart of said movement. Baldwin conveys a sense of immediacy throughout his passage by making his writing approachable and estimating an enormous amount of ethos.

In this essay, I will discuss how the theories of John Stuart Mill and W.E.B. Du Bois, as presented in On Liberty and The Souls of Black Folk respectively, relate to the individual’s development and necessary conditions to thrive in modern society. I will focus on the goal of self-realization and development, or in other words, an individual’s pursuit to find meaning in their lives, and close with the authors’ directions for individuals to facilitate this pursuit for themselves and others. Both were concerned that dominant opinions in a society would prevent individuals from choosing new paths in life, instead of common ones, such as attending trade school in Du Bois’ time. The pursuit of self-realization is affected by society’s prevailing sentiment toward individuals who differ from perceived norm because the majority’s mindset affects the likelihood and ability of an individual to seek self-realization. In addition, the majority opinion can dissuade the individual from deviating from the norm at all, causing social and economic stagnation. This is in part the case because self-realization often involves some deviation from the norm, which is synonymous with Mill’s concept of “plurality of paths” (Mill 69), wherein the paths are deliberately unique and novel.

Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community? Martin Luther King Jr. In 1967, King separated himself from the world and hid from the Civil Rights Movement. King writes out his thoughts, plans, and dreams for America’s future. As part of this plan he mentions what would come with this dream and that’s better jobs, houses, higher incomes, and better education. Most importantly King speaks out against the war. Kings speech titled “Beyond Vietnam”. Which explains the relationship of the Civil Rights and peace movement. King asked that all bombing stop in North and South Vietnam be an agreement and remove all troops and give the people of slavery a decision on reaching agreements. King believed that the Vietnam War took money and attention from programs that helped the poor. Furthermore, King said “the war was doing far more devastating the hopes of the poor at home we were taking the black young men who had been crippled by our society and sending them eight thousand miles away to guarantee liberties in Southeast Asia which they had not found in Southwest Georgia and East Harlem (Martin Luther King, Jr speaks out against the war, ‘1967)

The Souls of Black Folk broadens the minds of the readers, and gives the reader a deeper understanding into the lives of people of African heritage. W.E.B. Du Bois articulates the true meaning of the problem of the color-line through his vast knowledge of American history and descriptive personal scenarios. Du Bois

Conversely, Chris appears to resonate with the idea that the bourgeoisie did not necessarily free man from being bound to others, but the bourgeoisie improved conditions for individuals such as the proletariat who were destined to work underneath others. From Chris’s perspective, the symbolism of an affluent Caucasian family having colored help is a direct correlation to African Americans still being valued as second class modern proletariat citizens in the United States.