Summary Of The Effect Of Climate Change On Pink Salmon

Salmon have a truly incredible life cycle. Like all fish, salmon spawn from female eggs and then go on to develop into “alevin,” which is a term for newly hatched fish. First off, they derive nourishment from the yolk sac from where the salmon are born. Once the sac has been absorbed, the “fry,” or baby fish, then emerges from the river gravel and starts the search for food. Fry instinctively deal with the river currents and learn to swim together as a school right away. Anywhere from a couple days to two years old, fry will continue to live in fresh water until they start the next, “smolting,” phase. Smolting is a

An endangered species is a species of either plant or animal that is in serious risk of becoming extinct. This name became connected with the Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in 1994 after being petitioned to be put on the list for nine years (NOAA). There are two main reasons behind the endangerment of the Chinook salmon: over exploration, and dams. Since the times of the Native Americans, Chinook salmon have been highly sought after as a food source. Since then the salmon have experienced great amounts of overfishing. Along with water demands which has resulted in overuse of water and diversion of water had affected spawning sites and loss of habitat putting further strain on their habitats (National Wildlife Federation).

In this paper I will examine two diverse articles in an attempt to understand species-specific response to change. The first article focuses on species change from a broader point of view, looking at feeding ecology and trophic dynamics in a variety of Pacific salmon species. The second article presents a more in-depth analysis, researching the thermal tolerance of Sockeye Salmon specifically.

There are many risks associated with eating farm-raised salmon versus wild- caught salmon. One risk that farm raised salmon faces is contaminants that can lead to cancer. Farm raised salmon are placed in artificially made bodies of water such as ponds, lakes, and salt water and within these bodies of water, contaminants such as PCBs can be present. Cancer causing chemicals can be present in both the water, farm-raised salmon swims in, and the food they eat. Another risk with farm-raised salmon is the use of antibiotics in order to keep the fish healthy. This unknown amount of antibiotics used on the fish can lead to a resistance to the antibiotic used to kill the bacteria’s in both human and the salmon. The humans that are consuming the fish that possess these antibiotics are unintentionally

Chinook salmon (known by its scientific name as Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) is the largest species out of the Pacific salmon genus, with an individual chinook measured over 120 pounds (fishwatch.gov, 2014). Often known by the name as “king salmon”, it is one of the most expensive salmons as this species of the Pacific salmon is not abundant in North America. This salmon is originated in rivers ranging from Central California to northwest Alaska, but can also be found outside the United States such as in northern Pacific countries such as Canada, Russia, and Japan. They often live in oceans, but are spawned and born in freshwater rivers and streams (fishwatch.gov, 2014). According to the NOAA Fisheries, the United States currently has more than 20 stocks within the range between Central California to northwest Alaska. Population ranges varies within region—with rates of decline, growth, and constant of Chinooks in Alaska (fishwatch.gov, 2014), while non-Alaskan Chinooks in the Pacific Northwest are currently facing rates of decline (Peery, Kavanagh, and Scott, 2003). In terms of the current status of endangerment/threatened, it varies within region in parallel with population rate. The Chinook salmon from Alaska are considered healthy and none of them have yet been listed in the Endangered Species Act (fishwatch.gov, 2014). On the other hand, those in the Columbia and Sacramento Rivers are currently face being endangered, while Chinooks living in the California Central Valley

Commercial fishing boats are pushing to catch as many Atlantic salmon as they can after a net pen broke near Washington's Cypress Island. Fishermen reported thousands of the non-native fish jumping in the water or washing ashore. The pen, in the state's northwestern San Juan Islands, contained about 305,000 Atlantic salmon. Environmentalists are concerned that the escaped Atlantic salmon could potentially mate and crossbreed with the Pacific salmon or compete with them for food but they are not completely sure what the ramifications will be. Now, owner Cooke Aquaculture and the Washington department of fish and wildlife are trying to determine how many escaped. The director of the wild fish conservancy northwest, Kurt Beardslee , called the

Ever wonder where the salmon migrate? The salmon go through a lot of obstacles just to get to their destination. Salmon can live up to two to seven years. the Washington state has announced that the salmon are listed as threatened or endangered fish. In the salmon family there are eight species of salmon that grow in the Washington State (Chinook, Coho, Chum, Pink, Steelhead, Sockeye, Bull Trout, and Cutthroat.) and there are five that grow in the Pacific (Chinook, Chum, Coho, Pink, and Sockeye)

Juvenile Pacific Salmon and other migratory marine animals are travel many long distance under water to use resources in different oceanic regions. The main question is how these marine animals travel many long distance and able to locate Specific Ocean feeding areas without previous experience. Researchers experimentally demonstrate that the juvenile chinook salmon respond to magnetic field which lead them toward their marine feeding grounds. The “magnetic map” of Juvenile salmon to be inherited. These results, Similar with findings in the sea turtles indicate that the magnetic maps are genetically wide spread and show their navigational abilities evident in many long distance under water

In The salmon fished in British Columbia generally migrate from the ocean and into nearby watersheds to spawn. While in the ocean, salmon depend on a diet of small fish, such as krill and herring. However with the risk of biodiversity depletion, many of these species may disappear, affecting fish populations globally and British Columbia’s salmon population. If our local salmon populations were to decrease, the long term effects would greatly disturb the killer whale and bear populations that depend on the fish, the indigenous people, the fishing business, and overall

Pink Salmon migration is crucial to their survival as a species, because the fish swim from the ocean and up freshwater streams to spawn.

The example given is the coral trout, a fish that is commercially important. Since the water temperature has risen higher up in the water, these trout tend to be more lethargic now; they stay lower in the water. This is crucial because all of their hunting and mating ground is higher

The cycle starts in the upper river where the slow current allows deposition of salmon eggs below the aquatic vegetation called reeds, usually underneath small pebbles. In here, they will spend the first 5 to 6 months until they are ready to hatch into small baby salmons known as “fry.” After which, they travel to the fast flowing area of the lower river where they will stay for the next 4 years.

Average global temperatures have risen 0.6°C in the last century (Walther, 2002). Warmer water temperature has been shown to kill fish such as trout (Huntsman, 1942) North American summers are predicted to become warmer and drier. The effects of climate change are predicted to have more impact in freshwater than in the ocean. Salmonid fishes will potentially be strongly affected by the predicted climate change. Water temperature effects the rates of biochemical reactions in fishes that are ectothermic. The average upper thermal limit that salmonid species can tolerate is approximately 23.8°C. Thermal limits are influenced by the individual fish’s size, age, and physiological state. (Jonsson & Jonsson, 2009) With the predicted climate change,

In “The American Journal of International Law” they write about the “Canada-United States: Convention for Protection of Sockeye Salmon Fisheries”. In this journal the International law wants the protection of the Sockeye Salmon to be taken more seriously because of the deflating numbers of the Sockeye in Fraser river. But either country can come to an agreement on how they are going to protect these fish. At first the United States and Canada decided to make boundaries of what part of the ocean, lakes, rivers are there's. With the international boundary commission made a commitment to both respect the laws and rules of these boundaries. After these boundary rules they agreed to establish and maintain a Commission to be known as the International

In this paper I am going to talk about the process by which some foods have been produced using a “Modified organism”. Specifically we will see the treatments done on salmon. This type of fish has been significantly altered through genetic engineering.