Summary Of Volker K. Sonntag

Head injuries, including concussions, particularly in the game of American football, have become a subject of deep concern, much study and even Congressional hearings in the United States.

Concussions are a rising issue in the daily life of many athletes in the sports of hockey, soccer, football, and skateboarding. Every 21 seconds, someone in this country encounters a brain injury. Concussions are brain injuries caused by jolts or hard hits around the head. When the tissue of the brain slams against the strong, thick skull in your head, a concussion is very common. This leads to either swelling of the brain, “torn blood vessels, or injury to the nerves.” (Haas) Eventually, the result will be immediate, delayed, or even permanent loss of your own brain. In the next four paragraphs, I will describe to you how a concussion is important to you and others, what the world can do to stop this issue, and what you can do to prevent

The treatment for a concussion used to be as simple as taking time to rest, or smelling bath salts before returning to play. In today’s world, concussions are more appropriately recognized as a serious head injury. In order to correctly diagnose and treat concussions, professional action needs to occur. Preventative measures, proper assessments and diagnosis, correct treatments, and increasing awareness are a few ways to reduce an issue down to a more manageable position. Concussions are a common threat in many aspects of life today. From contact sports to accidental falls, head injuries are an increasing issue that needs to be recognized as such. Two to four million concussion injuries occur from sports and recreation settings in the United States every year (The American Academy of Neurology). Most of these injuries result in a full recovery, but there are people who are left with dehabilitating injuries for the remainder of their lives. Thankfully it is becoming well known that these problems exist, and many people are starting to take action.

Concussions are a very frightening and dangerous injury. A concussion is a traumatic brain injury in which your brain rattles around in your skull. When you sustain a concussion, your brain may jolt as a result from the impact. This form of brain injury can cause bruising, damage to the blood vessels, and injury to the nerves. Concussions are the most common brain injury. Although concussions are the least serious, they should not be taken lightly. Back in the day, people were unaware of concussions and the symptoms associated with them. As a result, people today especially former athletes are dying from past concussions. (Cantu, R. & Hyman M., 2012) Many people have seen, heard of, or had a concussion and they are relevant to everyone’s life.

Did you know, that someone suffers from a brain injury every 21 seconds (Haas)? Children get concussions all the time, and most of the time they go unnoticed. The majority of concussions happen when one is playing a sport such as football, hockey, or lacrosse. Many famous athletes have had their careers, even their lives cut short due to concussions. Brain damage and death can result from serial concussions (Schafer). When one suffers from a concussion, one’s brain needs time to recover physically and mentally. Between 2002 and 2006, statistics showed that 52,000 people died from concussions and about 275,000 were hospitalized (Fundukian). Everyone’s recovery process is different (“Injury and

2.) Who is this author? What are his/her expertise in relation to this topic? What is his/her experience with this

In the united states over 170 million adults participate in physical activities, including sports which can have a greater impact on unorganized sports because most of the time there not properly trained and just go for what they know and injure themselves 1.6 to 3.8 million concussions occur in recreational activities annually. However, this vastly underestimates total concussions, as many individuals suffering from mild or moderate concussions do seek medical advice... Many of these activities are associated with an increased risk of traumatic brain injury (TBI). In the united States, an estimated 1.7 million people sustain a TBI annually, associated with 1.365 million emergency room visits and 275,000 hospitalizations annually with associated direct and indirect cost estimated to have been $60 billion in the United states in 2000, So concussions are not only taken a big toll on someone’s life but also their pockets.

The hot topic of concussions in football has attracted a considerable amount of unwanted attention in recent years. This problem is continuing to grow at a rapid rate, while our society is oblivious that a problem even exists. Many of us in today’s day in age know someone who has played football at the high school, collegiate, or professional level. The incidence of players who end up with concussions is astounding. It is interesting that someone who has suffered from a concussion can seem virtually symptom free for many years before it causes a number problems. It is estimated that damage to the brain caused by a concussion can last for decades which opens the door for more potentially life

As someone who has suffered from concussions myself and also as someone who has seen the negative impacts of these types of injuries, I believe it is in our best interest to further research several aspects of such a severe injury. Similar to my belief, the mission of the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) is to commission research in sports medicine, science and where feasible, establish standards for athletic equipment. Accordingly, the intent of the NOCSAE grant program is to commission investigator-initiated research and to provide support for education, health, and safety research and development. My goal, like yours, is to raise awareness about the issue of concussions and other head injuries

Over the past couple of years, there has been a growing concern for NFL player’s safety and the amount of concussions occurring over the past years. A concussion is a type of mild traumatic brain injury that may be caused by either a fall; a direct blow to the head, face, or neck; or a blow elsewhere on the body that transmits force to the head (JAAPA). There has been a high attention directed towards concussions in many sports, but mainly football. The purpose of the research I will be conducting is to educate the players, coaches, and future players of the NFL on ways to prevent concussions. Several topics I will touch upon my research topic are how concussions associate with musculoskeletal injuries, how long a player should be sidelined before returning to play, the amount of research that has been done to prevent concussions, how teammates can have an effect on whether a player continues playing through a concussion or if they take the safe route, how coaches who are educated annually on concussions can decrease how bad a concussion is and ways coaches have been educated in the past and how effective that method was. I will specifically be paying attention to what is known and what other ways can the members of the NFL be educated on concussions. I want to know what they know and what steps are they taking towards preventing concussions. I also want to know what damage does it cause to the brain over time.

Additionally, she is a writer for In Touch Weekly, and has been an associate editor of Apex Medical Communications, and Quadrant HealthCom Inc. While she is not an expert in the neurological filed, she does have experience in both the journalistic and medical fields. She has worked for a few medical related organizations, and holds editing positions. She has no posted conflicts of interest, and has cited sources in text. Additionally, there is no stated bias, or lack thereof. The article is for Neurological Reviews, and thus there is no conflict of interest, rather just information on new concussion research. While the article contains no post-work bibliography, there are in text citations. The main study is cited from Brain, and different neurologist are quoted throughout the article for their professional opinions on the study. This article is about 8 years old. However, the research is still in line with the current trends in this field. There is clear connection between concussions and long term effects. Additionally, all research methods are still considered valid and ethical. While a more recent article would be preferred, this is still valid, and acceptable for use in a research

Dr. Kevin Guskiewicz a leader in sport related concussion at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill spoke about the concerns related to sports concussions. Dr. Guskiewicz described concussions as an injury in which the brain is shaken violently within the cranial cavity causing a large number of neurons to distort and the axon to swell. If left untreated or not treated properly, the axon can disintegrate breaking the neurons pathway. A concussion is known as a functional injury since you cannot physically see the injury in the brain. In order to be diagnosed with a concussion, doctors have to measure cognitive functions and changes in balance. Over the years, concussion education and awareness has greatly increased; however, the number

Many private companies and researchers have taken the issue of concussions head on. Research has drastically increased throughout the 21st century. In the words of Mark Lovell PhD. founding director of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Sports Medicine Concussion Program, “90% of what we know about concussions we’ve learned in the past five years.” These private researchers have taken different approaches to solving the issue but they are all working to achieve one goal: the reduction of concussions and the prevention of their long-term effects.

The authors are Tipu Aziz and John Stein.  These authors source of authorities are that they are writers for a publishing group.  You can tell these two writers are prepared to write about this topic because they are using actual events that have happened to scientists.  This article is found from the nature publishing group.  This is the group the two authors work for.  The intended readers are other scientists.  Also people that want to know what the scientists are going through.  The

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