Summary Of Why I Am No Longer Talking To White People About Race

This essay will critically analyze the various forms of oppression that are set out through Audrey Lorde’s concept of the “mythical norm” as discussed by Barbara Perry. Through the “mythical norm”, it can be seen that oppressions exists through the forms of racism and sexism which are exhibited through many scholarly texts and articles. Racism can be seen as a means of privilege and power that is given to individuals who coincide with the criteria of societies norm. In this case, these individuals consist of white, heterosexual, male beings who unknowingly oppress their racialized counterparts. Oppression can also be seen through the form of sexism. Sexism looks at the injustice and inequality of male dominance over female, which results to men being more privileged and advantaged in society over women who are disadvantaged. Therefore, privilege and power is obtained by those who coincide with the concept of the “mythical norm”, leaving minority groups who do not coincide with this conception oppressed through the forms of racism and sexism.

“In Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color” by Kimberle Crenshaw talks about the issues women go through, not because of their actions but because of the color of their skin. She mentions that many women of color are racially discriminated and have limited help because of gender, class and race. “Many women of color are burdened by poverty, job skills, beaten and lack of child care responsibilities”. The objective of this article is society overlooks the issue of violence against these women.

Black Feminist Politics and theory grew out of many black women 's feelings of dissatisfaction following the civil rights era, and the white female feminist movement throughout the 1960-1970s. During the early conceptualization process of black feminist theory, the women of this new movement, specifically Kimberlé Crenshaw, came to name the term “intersectionality theory.” Black Feminist Politics and theory argues that sexism, racism, class oppression, and gender identity are intricately bound together. Complexly, they serve to maintain subjugation and suppression. In this essay, we will investigate the formulation and a brief history of Black Feminist

Women throughout history have suffered under many gender and racial injustices. The white supremacist patriarchal structures in America, which were considered “the norm” for their time, were challenged and brought down largely due to the efforts of strong black women. These women shifted the idea of women being worthless objects to be taken and used whenever white men see fit into that of feeling, human souls who are the utmost deserving of the same treatment as the white male supremacists in America. Women such as Ida B. Wells, Rosa Parks, Recy Taylor, Betty Jean Owens, and Kimberlee Crenshaw made strives towards a better future for not just women of color but women and men of all backgrounds. Their movement

In her article “Mapping the Margins” Kimberle Crenshaw discusses intersectionality within feminism and the violence perpetrated against women of color due to the negligence of political identities. The article is broken up into three main sections: structural intersectionality, political intersectionality, and cultural construction. Women of color often find themselves split between two political identities. The identity of being female and the identity of being a person of color (Crenshaw 1243). Crenshaw brings this discussion to the table to help the readers fully understand that in our patriarchal society women who are also people of color often suffer injustice twice.

Similarly, Patricia Hill’s work “Black Feminist Thought” explains the need for black feminism. For Hill U.S. black feminism is needed in order for black women to survive, cope with, and resist their differential treatment in society. Black feminist thought creates a collective identity among this marginalized group of African-American women. Hill provides several features that make U.S. Black feminist thought different than any other set of feminism. The first feature Hill speaks about is ‘blackness’ it is this concept that makes U.S. black feminist a different group that suffers a “double oppression”. Thus, U.S. Black women collectively participate in a dialectical relationship which links African American women’s oppression and activism. Hill speaks on the U.S. black feminist thought and the dilemma they face in American society. During the women’s right movement there was a tremendous difference between black and white women’s experiences, “while women of color were urged, at every turn, to become permanently infertile, white women enjoying prosperous economic conditions were urged, by the same forces, to reproduce themselves”. It is this difference in attitudes that demonstrate why there is a need to focuses on the linkage of experiences and ideas experienced by the black women in America. Consequently, Davis analyzes the hypocritical differences of the government of the

Underlying the feminism movement of the 1960s and 1970s was the “white racist ideology.” The women’s movement of the 1960s was in fact the white women’s movement. It was an opportunity for white feminists to raise their voices, but they only spoke about the plight of the white woman and excluded themselves from the collective group of women across all races and social standings. White women assumed that their experience was the experience of all women. When black women proclaimed that the movement was focused on the oppression of white women, the white feminists asserted “common oppression” and retorted with “oppression cannot be measured.” Ironically, feminists in the 1960s compared their oppression to the oppression of African Americans as

From the beginning of time and around the world, women have been subjected to patriarchal oppression in various forms. From economic hardships such as wage gaps or an inability to own property, to social mores such as submission in marriage and sexual objectification, women are systematically treated as second- class citizens without a voice. African American women have faced these gendered challenges in addition to racial discrimination in the forms of slavery, unfair taxation, red-lining, unequal access to education and derogatory media representation to name a few. “Passing” by Nella Larsen portrays two African American women as main characters who experience racial and gender oppression in various ways. Webster’s Dictionary defines oppression as: the state of being subject to unjust treatment or control, prolonged cruel or unjust treatment or control; mental pressure or distress. Larsen’s story delves into social and feminist issues of oppression such as loss of identity, oppressiveness of marriage, women’s independence relating to women’s lack of independence, the importance of marriage in society, how race and class function in society, and how relationships are dictated by race, class, and gender.

Whiteness and racism comes from the oppression, colonization and systems of dominance over black people and their feelings. In this case, an intersectional feminist analysis matters because women who are able bodied, cis-gendered, privileged and white are only being considered whereas bell hooks argue that men, women and trans people who oppressed should be fought for. And Peggy McIntosh adds onto this but a white woman who addresses and recognizes her privilege to help other white individuals understand what they have and blacks do not.

In the article Black Women Should Seek Gender Equality, she examines the burden of racism and sexism and neglect for gender rights amongst black women. Her main argument is that “due to sexism in the Civil Rights Movement, black women should not subordinate the fight against discrimination based on sex to the struggle against racial discrimination” (Murray 163). She also argues that black women have been the backbone of black families and while black men received more acceptance in society, they kept their wives inferior. Although the arguments contain some validity, in historical contexts there are some

Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment. Ed. By Patricia Hill Collins. (New York: Routledge, 2000. ii, 336 pp. Cloth, $128.28, ISBN 0-415-92483-9. Paper, $26.21, 0-415-92484-7.)

Similar to the author Kimberle Crenshaw, the author of “Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory, and Antiracist Politics,” I would like to start my critical review essay by mentioning the Black feminist studies book entitled “All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, But Some of Us Are Brave.” Having this idea of problematic predisposition to treat race and gender as mutually exclusive entities in mind, I would like to review Angela Davis’s book entitled “Women, Race, and Class”, and compare my findings to Kimberle Crenshaw’s groundbreaking article that we have read in class, where she famously terms the idea of “intersectionality.” I will start with the examination of similarities between Davis’s and Crenshaw’s arguments regarding the erasure of the Black women’s experiences in social sciences and feminist writings, and will also point out the additional consideration of class that Davis brings to the idea of intersectionality of race and gender initially suggested by Crenshaw, and further discuss the triple discrimination that Black women face on the fronts of race, gender, and class. My main aim in the review of the two author’s texts is to reveal the prevalent problematic notion in Black societies of viewing race implicitly gendered as male, and recognizing gender mainly from the white women’s standpoint.

Today's feminist movement is in jeopardy of losing a following unless the woman at the forefront begin to identify with the fact that not every feminist is white, middle class, and cis-gendered. The modern idea of feminism has a fault in the way that its main idea seems to be fighting for equality of white women, this factor neglects every other woman in the world. This sets a double standard within the grouping of women as a whole just as women are fighting to abolish double standards set in place against sexes. This idea of white feminism simultaneously neglects the different problems of women of all demographics, while also grouping women together as a whole as if the struggles white women face are the same struggles all women face.

The author concentrates on the identity politics as a source of strength, community, and intellectual to illustrate some of the problems that women of color face within both antiracism and feminism.

Black Feminism argues that sexism, class oppression and racism are linked together. Mainstream feminism that more than often benefits white women, strives to overcome class and gender oppression, however they do not recognise that race can discriminate against women also. Activist, Alice Walker states that black women experience a different kind of oppression when compared to their white counterparts. Professor of Sociology and social activist, Patricia Hill Collins summarises that Black feminism is ‘a process of self-conscious struggle that empowers women and men to actualise a humanist vision of community.’ Her quote welcomes individuals of any gender, whom understands black women’s struggle to fight with them. [Collins, 1991:39]