Summary Section. Introduction And Hypothesis. In Moldofsky

Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder. It can have a devastating impact on one’s emotion, physical, occupation and social life. While it occasionally can be seen in the clinical setting as a primary diagnosis, it most often presents as a comorbidity to a medical or psychiatric issue;

Psychological Analysis. When an individual is diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), multiple criteria must be addressed which I will elaborate in the document. When Mr. Wertz was deployed to Iraq in the infantry division, he witnessed the death of a comrade and in his second deployment he had many mortar attacks fulfilling criterion A of PTSD. Conclusively, there was a presence of a trauma while in the army when Mr. Wertz witnessed the death of soldiers in his division. Mr. Wertz recounts having nightmares about his combat. The nightmares are described as reoccurring for the duration of two months. The dream described is Mr. Wertz and his unit being barricaded in a house and being fired at directly;

Post-traumatic stress disorder abbreviated PTSD is a response to traumatic events in someone’s life. Traumatic events are events that provoke fear, helplessness or horror in response to a threat or extreme stressor (Yehuda, 2002). Soldiers and other military members are at a much higher risk to Post traumatic stress disorder due to combat and other stressful situations they are put into. People effected by Post-traumatic stress disorder will have symptoms including flashbacks, avoidance of things, people or places that remind them of the traumatic event. Also, hyper arousal which includes insomnia, irritability, impaired concentration and higher startle reactions. In this paper I will discuss post-traumatic stress disorder, its signs, symptom and effects on culture as portrayed in the movie, American Sniper.

In this scenario, the independent variable is the type of treatment and the values are the treatment groups. The dependent variables are the patient’s measurable PTSD symptoms, including frequency of dissociative reactions, recurrent distressing dreams, negative alterations in cognitions and mood, and marked alterations in arousal and reactivity (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The demographic variables in this study are age and ethnicity. The control variables are gender, geographic location, and PTSD.

I find it troubling that our Soldier’s Post Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms are being discredited by the medical community. It appears as though there has been a shift in our commitment to the health of the men and women who served this nation. These ideas connect to the overall ideas of the unit because it provides greater insight on challenges that patients and medical professionals experience when coping with cognitive health concerns. I do not have any personal experience associated with PTSD; however, the problem that I find in this article is that it suggests the effects of trauma which causes PTSD can be measured by a universal criteria. For example, I believe this research should consider that each individual has a unique level of tolerance to trauma which may cause them to respond in varying degrees of severity. Additionally, a patient’s inability to accurately express their symptoms may play a major factor which is causing this disparity. I recommend that further research should be conducted to

PTSD is listed among a group called Trauma-and-stressor-Related Disorders. For a person to be diagnosed with PTSD, they must have been exposed to, witness, or experience the details of a traumatic experience (e.g., a first responder), one that involves “actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence” (APA, 2013, p. 271). (PRU, 2016, p. 66). The aforementioned definition of PTSD relates to soldiers; the manifestations and causes experienced with traditional PTSD can look somewhat different. Obvious causes of PTSD in soldiers stem from exposure to stressful circumstances within combat, exposure to the suffering and death of others, destruction, personal danger, and injury. A study on Vietnam soldiers provides insight on less obvious causes of PTSD. The study suggests

99). Similarly, both articles mentioned PTSD symptoms as being a barrier overlapping with depression. Baker, Kilmer, Lemmer, Goldsmith, and Pittman (2012) provided more in-depth information that focused primarily on PTSD and depression as to where Connor et.al (2013) looked into more barriers other than the overlapping symptoms as being reasons for barriers for treatment in combat veterans.  Baker et. al (2012) examined 2 significant mental  health issues including PTSD and depression in OEF/OIF combat veterans in their entire research study.  These researchers found that health related quality of life (HRQoL) is highly affected in both disorders. Although the study used a clinician-administered PTSD scale (CAPS) as well as standardized and structured interviews conducting to the DSM-5 criteria, the fact alone remains that the overlapping symptoms could be difficult for veterans to understand. The participants in this study consisted of 200 OEF/OIF veterans who completed an interview as well as self-report questionnaires. The sample included 95% men, 45% active duty, 55% veteran; ages 19-52, median 27%; 77% non-Hispanic/Latino, and 80% white. The findings revealed that PTSD and depression have overlapping symptoms as anhedonia, concentration, and insomnia. In conclusion, the results from the

PTSD among combat veterans can be very complex for it has many different variables that can play a part in the severity and duration. The different variables can be found in prewar, warzone, and

PTSD having been on the rise following various deployments necessitated by the various wars against terror, where the soldiers encounter traumatic experiences like harsh training conditions, unfavorable living standards, enemy attacks, extreme working environment, explosions, torture by enemies, loss of colleagues as well as long term separation from family back at home (Melinda S & Jeanne S., 2012). This therefore calls for a concerted effort in handling the pandemic of PTSD since it has been constantly on the increase and as a

Sleep disorders alter ones sleep pattern and often results in the inability to either sleep or sleep soundly. They often cause you to feel restless, tired, fatigued, and irritable. It is estimated that nearly 75 percent of adult Americans experience sleep disorder symptoms at least a few nights per week. At the same time, sleep disturbances in some form are seen in as many as 25 to 30 percent of infants and children (“Sleep Disorders” 2013). Clearly a huge conundrum in the world, sleep disorders affect an inordinate amount of people. Millions of people suffer or have suffered from a sleep disorder at one point in their lives and if mistreated can impact organ systems functioning negatively. Physical disturbances, medical issues,

; or employment , lack of psychiatric co-morbidity, especially with stress, depression and other anxiety disorders like the study of Zlotnick et al. , and lower elementary PTSD symptom level . Better results in refugees and veterans have been also related with fewer traumatic occurences being overlive during war and, especially, the lack or low severity of battle exposure . Experiences of being unhealthy without have the access in medical care and exceeded large changes of responsability in work were found to be linked with the continuance of war-related PTSD among civil population . There is also a disputation or controversy in the literature about the most relevanted and neccesary interventions for individuals who suffer from war-related PTSD. Even though there have been calls for the application and implementation of evidence-based psychiatric approach and treatments. Some have indicate that such an treatment may ‘medicalize’ anxienty, people in the role of victims or patients and therefore damage their self-help possibility or potential . The ultimate position suggests that real and pragmatic improvements in the social situation are possible to be more significant than mental health care. Up to now, there has been few research

The battles that go on between countries of the world are not just left on the grounds in which they were fought. The trauma of everyday exposure to the elements of war has created a lasting and often debilitating disorder for many veterans. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder or PTSD has been a recurrent result of war leaving many survivors with prolonged physical, mental and emotional distress. Veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have experienced daily stressful situations including bombings, combat fire, and injuries. For those that make it home, PTSD is a common development of these stresses. Those who develop this disorder may experience relentless sleep disturbances, triggers, and recurring “flashback” or vivid memory recollections

Soldiers are exposed to high levels of violence and are subjected to traumatic experiences when in the war zone. About 30% of all veterans suffer from PTSD after returning from war. Sexual assault victims make up the next largest population of those affected with 30% of women sexually assaulted experiencing PTSD.(U.S Department of Veterans Affairs). PTSD stops people from living their lives normally as many suffers become fatigues and anxious because of the lack or sleep and paranoia. Like many psychological disorders PTSD stunts the lives of the sufferers, but there is treatment for the

So many people have experience a stress after a terrible accident, post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and that could related to the sleep deprivation. The purpose of this study was to examined the relationship between two variables, which are sleep and stress in a participants who have experienced the terrible accident that considered a major life event. The datas in this study were collected from community college who are taking psychology 280 class. Both male and female in various race like White, Hispanic/Latino, Asian, and others in the mean age of 23.7 years. Participants were completed the self - survey containing a measures of a sleep (Insomnia Severity Index), stress (Perceived Stress Scale) and background information. As the result of the study, as we hypothesized, it present that this study have showed a positive correlation between sleep and stress. In other word, the participants who had experiences stress contained a high chance of experiencing sleep deprivation.

Individuals were given self-report measures in order to assess nightmare frequency and sleep quality with tests such as the SLEEP-50. Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index was also used to measure sleep quality. CAPS (a clinician administered interview to diagnose PTSD), Trauma History Questionnaire, SRIP (Self-Rating Inventory for PTSD), State/Trait Anxiety questionnaires were given in order to measure symptoms of PTSD, trauma, and severe stress. All assessments described have high reliability and many have great validity such as SLEEP-50. For this particular study measures will gathered by first giving self-report assessments for nightmare frequency using both a questionnaire made by experimenters and the SLEEP-50 questionnaire. In order to assess sleep quality further self-assessments created by observers will be administered as well as scores from SLEEP-50 which also measures sleep quality. As for the anxiety measures, participants will be given a measurement similar to or upon the guidelines of CAPS in order to diagnose participants with certain symptoms as well as a self-report assessment. All assessments created by experimenters in this study will be in Likert scale form ranging from 1 being great to 5 being terrible. Participants will take the assessments on their first day during introduction and later for the follow-up approximately six months after treatment. All groups will only defer in