Summary: The Cry Of Tamar

As for Michele Paddon, creator of the Women’s program currently delivered by Changing Ways, she describes in her book abuse as the use of "[...] words, actions or behaviours – on purpose and repeatedly – with the intention of gaining control over that person" (Paddon, 2015). She also establishes three different dimensions of domestic violence, based on the work of Michael P. Johnson: common couple violence (CCV), intimate terrorism and violent resistance (VR).

Module one focused on domestic violence and understanding the basics, which include the dynamics and common tactics that characterize domestic violence, impact on both the individual and society, and solutions to domestic violence. The website was easily accessible, and the information provided about the topic of domestic violence was both useful and interesting. Several statistics were given throughout the module that helped get across the seriousness of domestic violence. For example, one in four women are victims of domestic abuse within their lifetime. That statistic alone expresses how common domestic violence is within society.

Walter (1969) gave a comprehensive definition of violence as “destructive harm including not only physical assaults that damage the body, but also techniques of inflicting harm by mental or emotional means” (p. 24). However, in the context of intimate relationships, the definition of violence requires more aspects to be determined. The basic questions to be asked when defining domestic violence proposed by Hegarty, Sheehan, and Schonfeld (1999) in their article A Multidimensional Definition of Partner Abuse are 1) which relationships should be included as domestic? And 2) how should violence in domestic life be defined? To answer these questions, Hegarty et al. said that it is important to choose the appropriate definition that is most relevant to the purpose of the studies. Dutton (2006) defined domestic violence in his book Rethinking Domestic Violence as “any violence occurring between intimate partners (same sex or other sex, married or unmarried) and against children” (p. 3), but further said that he will only focus on intimate

The Stop Relationship Abuse Organization states that batters will not change until they recognize that they have a problem and change is something that will never happen as long as they continue to blame the victim. The victim of domestic violence is not the blame for their abuser putting their hands on them or abusing them. The Stop Relationship Abuse Organization also states participation in a batter’s program does not guarantee that a batter will not be violent again.

The Brigham Young University, lists the steps towards successfully eliminating the abusive factor in a relationship. First, understanding what an abusive relationship is like, and detecting whether you are currently in one. Secondly, supporting one’s dignity and acknowledging the importance of an abuse free household. Margaret E. Johnson focuses on the inner self structure. Realizing the problem, understanding the plausible consequences, acknowledging that the second party is wrong, and not letting their own self-worth go down, are just the tip of the iceberg in abusive relationships. In the other hand, being manipulated, going to court, divorce/ separation, are factors

Another model used is the Cognitive-behavioral intervention, which views battering as a result of errors in thinking and focuses on skills training and anger management (Arias, Arce, & Vilariño, 2013). However, studies have proven that the Duluth model is the most effective approach to treating batterers. This model helps batterers take responsibility for their violent acts against their partners. Batterers learn how to prevent the use of abuse, and teach them that domestic violence is their choice. Batterers are asked to point out how they control their partner using the Power and Control Wheel (Day, Chung, O' Leary, & Carson,

According to “The United States Department of Justice” Domestic violence is defined as a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner. Domestic violence has different forms sexual, physical, emotional and psychological actions or threats. These forms of treatment can influence another person. There are

Lecture module 2 states, "Domestic violence is physical, sexual, psychological or financial violence that takes place within an intimate or family-type relationship and that forms a pattern of coercive and controlling behavior. Domestic violence may include a range of abusive behaviors, not all of which are in themselves inherently ‘violent’". My definition is very similar to this definition because it hits the points of physical, sexual, and psychological violence also. Another similarity is the controlling and power behavior in a relationship within a home. Although, a difference is this definition says, "Domestic violence may include a range of abusive behaviors, not all of which are in themselves inherently 'violent'", and my first definition it was a constant factor with frequency of abuse.

Domestic violence is a pattern of abusive behavior or coercive control in any relationship that is used by one person to gain or maintain power and control over another. (Violence). Most of society’s think domestic violence is when one of the spouses is abusing the other spouse. Domestic violence can occur between anyone who has lived together at one point of time; couples who have never lived together, but have a child together and family member who has live together in the same household. Domestic violence can happen to anyone, regardless of their class, religion, ethnic background, education, age, gender, disability status, sexual orientation, gender presentation, or immigration status. The domestic violence can place in different categories, such as; emotional abuse, physical abuse, psychological abuse, sexual abuse and financial abuse. Researcher had discovered tactics that the abusers use to control their victims such as; dominance, humiliation, isolation, threats, intimidation, denial and shifting blame. (Helpguide.org).

“Domestic violence is a type of abuse by one or both partners in marriage, friends, family, dating or cohabitation” (Aziz & Mahmoud, 2010). There are many forms of abuse from verbal and emotional to physical that often escalates over time in intensity for the victim. Data from the criminal justice system, hospital patient medical records and mental health records, police reports, surveys and social services reports of thousands of women revealed that many are injured and killed as a result of violence from someone close to them. “The US Office on Violence Against Women (OVW) defines domestic violence as a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner regardless of race, age, sexual orientation, religion, or gender” (Robertson & Murachver, 2009). Researchers and the criminal justice system have not been able to agree on a clear definition to domestic violence which can range from physical injury, stalking, verbal abuse and humiliation, denial of shelter and access to money, and intimidation through aggressive behaviors. The definition of domestic violence may vary but the results from physical injury, mental and emotional trauma, and sometimes even death can last a life time.

The targeted objective of this report is to increase awareness for counselors-in-training to incorporate Intimate Partner Violence training in their course of studies. What is Intimate Partner Violence? Intimate Partner Violence is sometimes referred to as domestic violence. It is associated with a display of repetitious violent behaviors between intimate partners in close relationships. Power and control are the antecedents associated with the consistent episodes of this type of violence. According to Erickson (2010) Intimate Partner Violence is defined as "physical, sexual, psychological, and emotional abuse or the threat of abuse from a current or former intimate partner," (227). Any violent behaviors which encompass the actions to

Some women suffer such severe abuse, where they have no one to turn to, even their

Domestic Violence can include many forms of abuse, such as verbal, psychological, emotional, financial, physical, sexual, or spiritual. In many relationships, there is a cycle of violence that repeats over and over. This cycle includes three phases: tension building, explosion, and honeymoon phase. During tension building, minor incidents of physical or emotional abuse may occur. The explosion phase includes more violent acts of abuse. During the honeymoon phase, the abuser may apologize or make promises that the abuse will never happen again. Because this cycle of violence repeats itself, abuse often escalates over time, sometimes leading to the murder of a victim (Domestic Violence

Domestic abuse is a startling issue in today’s society, and there are many different forms of it. Domestic abuse is defined as “the willful intimidation, physical assault, battery, sexual assault, and/or other abusive behavior as part of a systematic pattern of power and control perpetrated by one intimate partner against another” [1]. There are numerous forms of domestic abuse, including both physical and emotional violence. Many people who are trapped in these toxic relationships often feel helpless and worthless, and may think they have no way to escape their situation. However, with the right guidance and support, they can free themselves and emerge as a stronger person.

Everyone is different with a unique set of values which shapes our beliefs and views that affect our personal behavior. Domestic violence can happen to anyone no matter the race, ethnicity, or social economic status. According to Babcock, Gree, and Robie (2004), domestic violence is a learned behavior and is defined by the North Carolina Coalition Against Domestic Violence (2014) “Is when two people get into an intimate relationship and one person uses a pattern of coercion and control against the other person during the relationship and/or after the relationship has terminated. It often includes physical sexual, emotional, or economic abuse.” When defining the parties involved in domestic violence disputes, a batterer and/or victim can be male or female. For the purpose of research results we will discuss the batterer being male and the victim as female. The process of understanding domestic violence includes understanding human behavior in the social environment and examining battering from a batterer’s perspective.