Summary: The Italian Resistance Movement

Along with the Fascist Party, came the idea of a "perfect" race of man, and persecution. Hitler’s idea of a non-Jewish race appealed to Mussolini. Before the war began, Benito Mussolini and his army started their persecution of the Jews in Italy. This did not last long, however, because Mussolini’s popularity began to fall. As his popularity among his people began to decline, so did his relations with many European nations. Much of Italy’s foreign relations depended solely on treaties and pacts. (5) As Germany and Italy moved together towards a uniform society, the strength and honor of the treaties were in jeopardy.

Despite all of these internal and external factors contributing to a lack of Jewish resistance to the Holocaust, there was resistance in existence in many forms; the resistance that did occur must not be diminished or overlooked. When considering the definition of “resistance”, historians divide themselves on what this entails; some believe it to be only active, armed resistance attempts, while others define it more liberally. According to Yehuda Bauer, resistance entails “any group action consciously taken in opposition to known or surmised laws, actions, or intentions directed against the Jews by the Germans and their supporters.” Considering resistance with a broad definition such as this ensures that the efforts made at resistance

Canada has always been under a capitalist ruling regime for many years. The Canadian state, even as a colony of both England and France, went through mercantilist monopolistic practices that affected the lower working classes. During this period, the Church was powerful and was involved in the formulation of power. The state was fully supported by the Church and gained its wealth through illegal means with major benefits going to the aboriginal Canadian citizens. The rebellion or uprising was aimed at fighting capitalist regime introduced by foreigners, addressing high poverty levels and ensuring equitable distribution of resources among the Canadian citizens. This paper will explore the sharing of power between the citizens, Church, and government during the insurrectionary movement.

Nazi propaganda in Italy included pictures of smiling Nazis reaching out to shake your hand, and small children waving flags with swastikas. The lack of honest media showing what was happening to the Jewish community, and why it was happening, resulted in uneducated Italian citizens who did not know the true horror of what went on in concentration camps. Word of what was going on in Germany did not even reach America until 1942 in an article written by Varian Fry. Fry describes the massacre of the Jewish community as acts “so horrible, decent men and women find them impossible to believe [and] so monstrous that the civilized world recoils incredulous before them” (Fry). This article resulted in America’s very late, but positive involvement in the Holocaust. But why did Italy, a country so much nearer in proximity to Germany than America, never get involved? Because Nazi propaganda was nonexistent in America. Nevertheless, some could still argue that social forces had no effect on Italy’s un-involvement, this argument would be extremely weak because it is clear “Nazi propaganda was essential to motivating those who executed the mass murder of European Jews” (Nazi). If disinformation, such as propaganda had not swept across the country of Italy, it is clear to see why the number of Jews who were sent to concentration camps would have been fewer.

    First and foremost, Mussolini was extremely anti-semitic. His mistress recorded a remark by him in which he said “These disgusting Jews, I must destroy them all,” (The Economist 34). This shows that Mussolini was very against the Jewish

One person who was linked to armed resistance, but not directly involved, was Albert Wielkabroda. It is stated that ‘in the second World War, Sutin managed a small group, consisting of Jewish partisans that gathered weapons and fought the Nazis in Poland’ (Hanson). Adolfo was fifteen when his armed resistance started. Adolfo would rust Nazi equipment by using chemicals and build detonators for resistance explosives. Adolfo once said that “For the first time, I didn’t feel entirely [powerless] following the death of my mother and friend” (Berger). Another quote was “I had the feeling I was avenging them” (Berger). As stated earlier, The Edelweiss Pirates were a group of youth, about 15-19, who would oppose the Nazi youth. The Pirates would often disobey the rules set by the Nazi government, and sometime, fight the Nazi youth. “As war progressed…many pirates became active in the underground resistance movement” (Faces of Courage). It was told that “Groups of Edelweiss Pirates made armed raids on military depots and deliberately sabotaged war productions” (Faces of Courage). Youra, Jean, and Robert

The Holocaust, a sad time in human history, but in all that sadness, there were heroic stories of people and Nazi prisoners standing up for what was right instead of following the awful fascist state that was called Nazi Germany. In this paper, I write about a couple of the rebellions that some of the Jewish population in this time did to fight for what was right and trying to stop Nazi’s from brutally murdering them. Here, I tell these stories of heroes and heroism in the very evil Nazi Germany and Adolf Hitler.

Italy is very different then America. I didn’t picture Italy anything like that in my mind before I went. There wasn’t very many grocery stores, I didn’t find one until the third day that I was there. The buildings are very close together and I thought that everything looked the same from the outside and were very difficult to tell apart from one another. But when I happened to find the store, inside wasn’t big at all, the stores were called “mini marts.” It wasn’t really for kids but there isn’t many kids in Italy to begin with. Mostly it was an in and out kind of store. I wasn’t sure what kind of things were their popular items, so it was difficult to tell how they organized the stuff. One store that I went into, had lights around the selves

The Italian resistance movement also knows as Resistenza or Movimento Partigiano, had a crucial impact on World War II final results. The movement has been active approximately since September 8 1943, also known as Armistice day, until the very beginning of May 1945.

“The Italian Americans” is a documentary that explains the immigration of Italians to America in the 1800 and 1900s. Italian Americans have a deep devotion to their families and family life. It is theorized that the family structure originates from the idea that you can only trust the family. People from southern Italy were not treated as equals by the government, and many southern Italian families were impoverished and struggling to survive. Consequently, the largest group of Italian immigrants in America came from southern Italy. Italian men worked on the plantations and in the heart of the industrial factories (Maggio, 2015).

Italian neorealism (1945-1953), through directors like Roberto Rossellini and Vittorio De Sica, made its trademark on cinematic history not only in Italy, but also throughout the world. It was films such as Rome Open City (Roma città aperta, 1945), The Bicycle Thief (Ladri di biciclette, 1948), and Umberto D., (1952) whose style of depicting the harsh economic and social realities of the poor and working class of Italy took off as a new cinematic style after World War II. Neorealism is a response to desperate economic situations and often illustrates suffering, poverty, injustice, and/or discrimination. Many argue that neorealism is a way of seeing reality without prejudice due to the documentary-like technique of the film and its ability

In the film we see this reality in how after mid 1940 when Italy declared war on Britain and France it was a dangerous time to be Jewish, as there were spies that would denounce them to the fascist authorities. In addition, like Elsa, Jews who were looking for a way out the country were often deceived and had their valuables and capital stolen, as there was an attitude similar to that of Nazi Germany in which people believed that the Jews through scheme managed to have power and manipulate areas of finance and politics. (127) However, what Un Tè Con Mussolini doesn’t show is that many fascists were Jews themselves and that Mussolini was never a complete anti-Semite devotee, for many people whom he admired and worked with were Jewish too, such as Margherita Sarfatti, his long time mistress and propaganda manager. (Paul, C.E. & Zaczek)

Benito Mussolini, described and identified as a fascist leader, was identified for a series of acts such as targeting the Jewish during World War II. Additionally, he removed the citizenship of the Jewish people and denied them of everything essential to an individual regarding them. Thus, giving an unmistakable indication that his background generates people’s idea of him to the conclusion that he was a threat to their society. Villa Torlonia, once a wine cellar, is connected to Judaism for its underground catacombs where Benito Mussolini declared his plans of racial laws to “strip the citizenship of the Jewish”. Moreover, the Villa was prominent for its history of the hiding of Mussolini in his practice of fascism in addition to protecting

Italy is a Christian country, 83% of the population belonging to the Roman Catholic church. The relationship between Italians and religion is special. There have been many spiritual people before the Romans came along. Italy is, essentially, a nation embracing, all creeds, and religions, where the relationship between state and the church is regulated and sanctioned by constitutional laws. The question is why is there quite a variety of the number of atheists and agnostic rising? Along with religious minorities, Islam is the largest, followed by Eastern and Oriental Orthodoxy, Protestantism, Jehovah's Witnesses, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Judaism. Along with that many do not practice religion around 12% of the population in Italy follows no religion.

It is based on a view of the individual as primarily fearful, selfish and power seeking. Individuals organize in states, each of which acts in pursuit of its own national interest (Mingst and Arreguin-Toft, 2014: 79)