Summary: The Social Construction Of Race

Richard Rodriguez’s essay “Blaxicans And Others Reinvented Americans”, states that using race as a basis for identifying Americans is not valid; culture should be what defines a person’s identity. For example, when Rodriguez states “For there is no such thing as a Hispanic race” (89). This demonstrates that people should not use race because when we use the term Hispanic, we group everyone in one category. It’s not fair to group everyone in one category because we are not all the same. Even though, the food that we eat, might be the same.

Humans define race by how they conceive and categorize different social realities. Thus, race is often referred to as a social construct. The differences in skin color and facial characteristics have led most of society to classify humans into groups instead of individuals. These constructs affect us all, and they often result in situations where majority racial groups cause undue suffering to those that are part of the minority. The understanding of race as a social construct is best illustrated by the examination of racial issues within our own culture, specifically those that have plagued the history of the United States.

In attempting to reach a higher position in the social hierarchy, nepatleras can become complicit in each others oppression. In order to reach one’s goal, even someone who sees themselves as oppressed has the potential to oppress others that they see as “others.” This definition of other is constantly changing. For instance, two Latinas may think of themselves as “us” when they’re considering race, but become “otras” if one of them is queer. Unlike the old mestiza, which was based on a hierarchy determined by racial purity, Anzaldua suggests that mestiza consciousness can lead to the creation of a New Mestiza, which instead aims to dismantle this hierarchy. The impulse to hurt another individual comes from one’s shadow self, which draws boundaries around race, nationality, gender, and other categories. According to Anzaldua, these fences can offer protection to a group by isolating them from other possibly conflicting groups, but this isolation also takes away the opportunity to look into the lives of these other groups, and gain conocimiento, or knowledge, and empathize with their struggles. Anzaldua states that often, this perceived otherness that we build fences around can be deceptive, and by separating ourselves, we make ourselves weaker by having fewer connections within our ecosystem. In order to become nosotras, which in Anzaldua’s mind

When we hear the word "race" we're more than likely inclined to automatically think of the color of someone's skin. Though this isn't entirely inappropriate, there is so much more to race than that. Sociologists say that race is a social construction created in society, meaning it's basically a set of "stories" we tell ourselves and hear overtime to make sense of the world. Since we hear these stories over and over again, we act on them, ultimately making them true. This can be said of many aspects of culture and society, however, it seems to happen with race without our realization.

In society, race clearly affects one’s life chances. These are the chances of getting opportunities and gaining experience for progression. The social construction of race is based on privileges and availability of resources. Looking at society and the formation of race in a historical context, whites have always held some sort of delusional belief of a “white-skin privilege.” This advantage grants whites an advantage in society whether one desires it or not. This notion is often commonly referred to as reality.

Haney Lopez describes the racialization of Mexicans in terms of ancestry and skin color. Although granted de facto White racial status with the United States conquest of much of Mexico in 1848 and having sometimes been deemed as White by the courts and censuses, Mexican Americans were rarely treated as White (5). Historically and legally, Mexicans have been treated as second-class citizens. Mexicans suffered the degradation accorded members of an inferior race, treatment nearly equivalent to the coinciding conquest of blacks and Native Americans (64). In 1857, for instance, Anglo mobs lynched eleven Mexicans in Los Angeles (67). The demographic and geographic custom of segregation in Los Angeles contributed to the growing cultural isolation and socioeconomic vulnerability of the Mexican community.

In The Social Construction of Race, Ian F. Haney Lopez defines race as a social construct that is constantly changing its meaning due to the fickle nature of society. Lopez believes that this fickleness stems from a social climate formed by a variety of factors such as human economic interest, current events, and ideology. There are certain racial definitions however, that have remained mostly the same despite efforts to bring attention to the offensiveness and immorality of such discriminatory thinking. These stereotypes are oftentimes negative and apply to members of minority races, which end up perpetuating themselves into various cultural outlets of society including the media and film. Through the use of such popular forms of entertainment, the definitions of a race remain largely unchanged as future generations remain exposed to these racial classifications.

Brown: The Last Discovery of America completes Richard Rodriguez 's three-volume work in which he explains and explores the ethnic and racial future of America. In this particular book, the author defines the color brown not as the representation of the Hispanic race but as the color of the future. Black, white, yellow, the author explains, are incorrect racial categories for it is not how nature works. Nature yearns for combination of all different colors, and brown is the final result. In the chapter "Hispanics," as seen through imagery, personification, and humor, Richard Rodriguez upsets the reader to show that racial categorization is unfit and that racial barriers are meant to be broken.

Charles Mills, who works in the general area of social and political philosophy, promoted an idea which is linked between the political theory of gender and race. Mill`s brought up the concept of how Blacks in America have certain implications that reflect towards their individual freedom as a whole. In his essay, “But What Are You Really?” The Metaphysics of Race” he extrapolates this view to how race is defined amongst our society and how he opposes racial realism. He guides his perception through dividing his argument through examples of racial classifications. Such examples include “quace”,”horizontal”, and “vertical” systems. He is interested answering how racial classification applies to basis of nature. Mill`s main goal of his argument is to show how race raises metaphysical issues, These issues might answer the question who and what we are as individuals.

Michael Omi and Howard Winant’s arguments from “Racial Formations” are about how race is socially constructed and is shown in Caucasia by Danzy Senna. Michael Omi and Howard Winant believe that race is socially constructed in society; therefore, the meaning of race varies within different cultures and societies. According to Omi and Winant, influences such as, media, school, politics, history, family and economy create society’s structure of race. In Caucasia, media, family and school are forces that create race by stating how one should conform to social norms for different racial groups.

The main purpose of the paper was to reflect the changes in the racial identity development during the course of history. The assignment was aimed to achieve several tasks: to analyze the impressions and responses to the interview; to trace back the causes of the negative reactions on some questions; to reflect the story of the Racial Identity Development, as well as elaborate the ways of racism confrontation within and outside oneself.

According to the Lopez, children should be raised to be color blind, where they are not taught how to stereotype people on the basis of their race. Further, this chapter expounds the major developments towards the reduction of racism in the nineteenth century

Social construct may be defined as the social mechanism or a category which has been created by the society. It may either be a perception which is created by an individual or an idea which is constructed as a result of the culture. The present society has created a large number of constructs which are not good. In this paper, the discussion will be done on the social construction of race and gender and the problems associated with the same. In addition to this, how can social construct forms to be the basis for discrimination and prejudice will be discussed? Further, racism and sexism will be discussed with examples. Further discussion will be done on patriarchy and its role in racism and sexism will be added.

Omi and Winant’s discussion from “Racial Formations” are generally about race being a social construct and is also demonstrated in the viewing of Race - The power of an illusion. Omi and Winant have both agreed that race is socially constructed in society. Ultimately this means that race is seen differently in different societies and different cultures. Media, politics, school, economy and family helps alter society’s structure of race. In the viewing , also media as well as history seemed to create race by showing how social norms have evolved in different racial groups.

Es evidente que en nuestra sociedad el racismo aún prevalece. Lo vemos todo el tiempo en las noticias, los crímenes de odio contra los latinos, de Oriente Medio, los afroamericanos y otras minorías. Sin embargo, es aún peor cuando los actos racistas vendrán de gente que se supone para proporcionar la misma protección, los que son de la ley. El acto de aplicación de la "focalización personas por la policía o la detención de seguridad en función de su origen racial o étnico en la creencia de que ciertos grupos minoritarios son más propensos a involucrarse en conductas ilícitas" (Feder 2) es la definición de la discriminación racial. Es degradante para las minorías que van a través de él, así como ilegal.