Summary: Transition To Child Care

Daycare has become a controversy because of the great quantity of advantages and disadvantages that it involves. While a very large number of parents have to rely on child care centers because of career ambitions or financial needs that only their jobs can fulfill, most child psychiatrists believe that the ideal growing environment for an infant is at home with the family. The problem is that choosing the right caregiver, a good substitute for the parents, is very hard, and the consequences of a wrong decision can be very detrimental to the child’s personality development. This choice depends on many factors like culture, education and especially income. In fact, the financial availability plays the most

What seemed to have sparked interest in this topic were the inconsistent findings on the issue of social outcomes. Although it has been found that children who attended childcare programs appeared to be more socially competent than home-reared peers, displays of aggression and resistance to adult requests were also described among childcare children (Haskins et al., 1985, as cited in Phillips et al., 1987). Phillips, McCartney and Scarr (1987) believed that these contradictory findings differed due to the quality of the childcare programs.

Sending children to day care can have short term and long term effects on a child’s

55% of American mothers now return to work by the time their children are one years old -- out of either financial, professional, or personal necessity. In today’s society, there are concerns as to whether attending daycare during infancy produces negative or positive effects on the development of children. Many of these concerns are influenced by the fear that separating an infant from its mother may cause emotional harm to the child or disrupt the mother-infant bond. No study finds that children of employed mothers suffer solely because their mothers are working. Research has shown that mothers who work spend as much time playing with their babies as do mothers without outside jobs (Huston &

One of the largest social controversies of the current time are the parental pressures attached to whether or not a child should attend daycare. While many parents struggle with this decision, others do not have the luxury of choice; many questions are raised asking if it is beneficial or harmful for infants and young children to attend daycare, spending the majority of their waking hours with caregivers other than their parents. There are of course many opinions and studies regarding this issue. As with any controversial topic there is no right or wrong answers for the masses. The majority of studies conducted all seem to have similar results. This is an issue and dilemma of such personal magnitude that it should not only be regarded

Furthermore, it will analyze current literature reviews on positive impacts on the families by increasing the subsidized childcare centres at a low cost to encourage more participation of mothers in the labour force. Ultimately resulted in the economic growth and reduced poverty rate. Few fundamental concerns will be addressed over the universal childcare program, including lack of regulated childcare spaces as a result of an excessive number of children. Moreover, possible negative impacts on children’s development when increased in time span away from parents. Lastly, discuss possible actions that government might take in order to resolve the issues as policy

They did not display any positive behaviour with the caregiver. Furthermore, Ainsworth study demonstrates that there is a need for a secure attachment for child development as most infants look to the caregiver for guidance, which if not appropriately addressed to the infant could have effects on their wellbeing, in this instance anxiety around

Michele Borba, an educational psychologist and parenting and child expert who is recognized for her practical, solution-based strategies to build strong families and strengthen children’s behavior and character. She says that, “High quality care in early years does affect children’s social, academic, and behavioral development. And those behavior and achievement differences, though small, were still evident more than a decade after parents stopped those day care payments”. Dr. Michele Borba also states that “Parents have far more influence on children’s growth and development than any type child care they receive”, based on a federally funded study by the Early Child Care Research Network; however, she agrees that high quality child care will improve a child’s development. The study showed, “Academic and behavior gains from child care that endured until age 15 were slightly higher when children were involved with ‘high quality child caregivers’. High quality is defined as “caregivers who are warm, supportive and provide high quality cognitive stimulation”. Here, Dr. Borba describes that the parent does have a larger influence on the child’s morals than the caregiver, but putting the child into these care centers will allow the children to thrive in academics. This early growth in education leads to a more developed child who will advance in learning. In a personal interview with Dr. Borba, she said that the quality of the daycare really makes a difference with the development of a child, but does not limit that “nothing beats the attachment of the child with a mother”. Dr. Borba continues to say that she did a report on Ann Curry's child care findings, saying “Impact continues 15 years later. High quality care in early years does affect children’s social, academic, and behavioral development… Teens in high quality child care settings before the age of five scored higher

Infants tend to develop an intense bond with their caregiver. They prefer to be around their caregiver and will become distress when separated. If the relationship between the caregiver and the infant is strong and healthy, infant tend to have a better personality as they grow older. The theories of Mary Ainsworth and Erik Erickson proves that the caregiver plays a significant role in shaping an infant’s life.

Day care has a huge impact on the way a child behaves growing up. According to the article, Study Ties Day Care to Some Behavior Problems, “The more time that kids spent in day care, the more likely their sixth-grade teachers were to report problem behaviors such as getting in fights, being disobedient in school and arguing a lot, according to the largest study of child care and development ever conducted in the United States.” Children in day care may be taught independent thinking which could be a huge issue for teachers. They are more likely to be aggressive, angry and uncooperative in their early years of school. Putting a child in day care for more than their early years of life can greatly affect the way they grow up. If a child isn’t given much care and discipline from their parents they can grow up to have more behavioral issues than a child who spent most of their time with their parents growing up. Another negative impact of daycare is less bonding time between a mother and her child. This is very important in the early years of a child’s life. Children enrolled in daycare for long periods of time miss out on the bonding with their mother. Babies become extremely to their mother’s because they are their primary caregivers. It is necessary that a child

Belsky (2007) How early child care affects later development; goes into great detail about a study conducted by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD). In 1991 NICHD did a study on what the immediate and long terms effects of child care experiences are for a childs cognitive and social-emotional development. In this study Developmental Scientist in 10 different area’s got mothers shortly after the birth of their child to be part of this research. They studied 1,364 children and their family's starting in infancy and going through child hood to see how the different types of child care effected each child. This study found that regardless of the type of child care a child was in, The parents are actually the most important relationship. It found that Parents are the biggest influence on the childs development. It also said that it is important to pay attention to the quality of the daycare your child is in because when a child

Children being in child care while their parents work seems to pay off in my opinion. I have watched children close to me grow up and have seen the differences it makes with children who went to child care and children that didn’t. Depending on the program you send your child, it can give them a head start on learning which in the long run can help them significantly with school. It not only can help them learn quicker, it can also give them the social skills they will need in the real world. Having children go to child care gives them a chance to interact with other kids and learn how to share. I would certainly say child care is a positive and I would send my children to child care if I can afford it.

A longitudinal study was conducted by Eric Dearing, in which parents of almost one thousand children in daycare were interviewed about the children’s behaviors up until the children were about four years old. This study focused just on children situated in Norway and used their age as a “natural randomizer” because not all of the children were exactly the same age upon enrollment (“Association,” 2015). Reports made by the daycare teachers were also used to document the levels of aggression over time (“Association,” 2015). Since this study was also conducted through the means of interviewing, not much constraint was involved so there was room for confounding variables to interfere with the results of the data, such as bias of parents or even the daycare teachers. Being provided with examples of what kind of questions the parents and teachers were asked would be helpful in determining if there was also experimental bias, where the questions were worded in attempt to get certain answers. After the four year period was completed, based off of their data, the researchers were able to determine that children whom entered daycare shortly after infancy were not more likely to exhibit more aggression than a child who was not enrolled into daycare at such an early time (“Association,” 2015). According to the results, the children exhibited a lesser amount of aggressive behaviors at the four year mark than they did at the two year mark of being in daycare (“Association” 2015). Since the sample size was relatively large, this new theory has potential to be applied outside of Norway, but the form of “non-parental care” must be consistent as well as “high quality,” just as it was in the study in order to yield similar results in other countries (“Association,” 2015).

It was also found that the children that had received care for 20 or more hours per week during their first year and this care continued through their preschool years did poorly academically and socially than the children that had not received full-time care until sometime later. Sometime later referring to at least after the child's second year of life; this is due to research that has also shown that children that began full-time care for 30 hours a week in their second year functioned just as poorly as these children whose care was initiated in their first year of life.

“A Research Study on Secure Attachment Using the Primary Caregiving Approach” addresses the importance of a child 's positive sense of well-being on their development, characterized by a secure attachment style where caregivers provide a safe and secure base for the child to explore from and retreat to and explore from. Well-being is the “complex physical and psychological state comprising good physical health and feelings of happiness, satisfaction, and social functioning,” and a healthy well-being is necessary for positive relationships with parents and others who close relations are formed with, like teachers and family members (Ebbeck et al.,2014, p.233). Such relationships have a long-lasting effect on a child’s developing. In a caregiver establishment, multiple caregivers or daycare teachers are given, so a child’s need to form a secure attachment with one caregiver is altered. In this experiment, two childcare facilities in Singapore were observed before and after the optimal primary caregiving system was introduced. It was deemed essential that staff of such facilities help the children have a healthy diet, and positive views on their self-awareness. The article shed light on just how many children are forced to go to daycare as 81% of Australian moms work and a child can spend up to 12,000 hours in a child care setting before even starting school (Ebbeck et al., 2014, p.234). A child’s developing trust and secure attachment with a caregiver is a fundamental stage