Fat Brain Experiment

Scientifically, it has been proven that one should not make long-term decisions while hungry. Students at the University of Gothenburg in Sweden studied whether or not it is smart to make a decision when you are ravenous. A hormone that is made in the gastrointestinal tract, called ghrelin enhanced this study. Ghrelin is released when your body is searching for food as energy. When you are no longer hungry, the manufacturing of ghrelin halts. Ghrelin is also associated with drug and alcohol intake. Tests were developed to demonstrate how this happens through living organisms, the researchers at the University of Gothenburg examined rats. Although rats are not humans, they can display human-like behaviors. When an extra amount of ghrelin was inserted into the rat, they went against their regular impulses. They would gain a

The behaviours of eating and sexual activity in humans are regarded in terms of motivated behaviour such that they appear to be purposeful and directed toward a goal. The hypothalamus is a brain structure located deep within the brain that, although small in size less than 1% of the brains total mass, is largely responsible for and controls a wide variety of human behaviour including motivation, eating, sexual activity and emotion. However in trying to understand this role it is important to first investigate the fundamental reasons and causes behind motivated behaviour. One apparent reason for behaviour is that we act out of free will however this is not a viable cause of behaviour as sometimes the central nervous system produces

Even despite electric shocks, they continued to eat until they became obese. When the researchers switched the obese rats’ diet to a healthy one, the rats refused to eat for almost two weeks. The rats that ate the fast food stopped responding to Leptin, a hormone that regulates hunger. As the rats became more obese, the amount of Leptin in their bodies indicated that the rats were on the brink of starvation; however, the rats continued to eat and become even more obese (Greviskes, 2013).

10. If you are avoiding a specific food because of a bad memory, it is called food aversion. Which brain region is associated with food aversion?

In wild type mouse there is no effect on food intake, body weight and blood glucose though we give more leptin because here the leptin receptors are constant. But, in ob/ob mouse the food intake, body weight and blood glucose levels are decrease because the presence of leptin receptor. However, in the db/db mouse there is no effect due to the absence of the leptin

Abstract of this article offer clear overview of the study, by explaining what was accomplish and what was the significant of the study. (Kagnovi et al Peer Research October 2017)

The hypothalamus dysfunction theory would suggest that animals have a “set weight” which is correct for their body, if this weight should increase or decrease then the body should make adjustments to regulate food intake to their “set weight”.

Percarpio, K. B., & Watts, B. V. (2013). A Cross-Sectional Study on the Relationship Between

The purpose of this pilot study [conducted by Corless and colleagues (2004)] was to investigate the

Hypothalamus is involved with emotions, thirst, hunger and is in charge of the nervous system. Hypothalamus adjusted temperatures in your body and tells the driver if they are hungry or thirsty.

In the article the author, James Maynard, tried to interpret a study published by Biological Psychiatry Journal on “ Obese-type Gut Microbiota Induce Neurobehavioral Changes in the Absence of Obesity.” Maynard found that mice from the study were fed different types of foods: one high in fat and the other in “normal chow diet.” The rats that were fed the fat enriched diet showed some symptoms of anxiety and forgetfulness, while the other rats were seemingly okay. In these findings, Maynard makes and Association claim that High fat diets can cause Depression and other psychological risks. The article does not advocate for a change in diet, but does not give any reference to other possible causes to the lab results.

Leptin is released through the arcuate nucleus and leptin helps to check the fat content of the body. If there is not enough fat, then our body gets the signal to be hungry and eat something. There are two types of appetite control neuron in the arcuate nucleus. They are NPY neurons and POMC neurons. NPY neurons can stimulate the appetite and reduce metabolism (Ceballos 2016). When the leptin level is high, this reducing metabolism process can be inhibited. These neurons can work as hunger neurons that can be stimulated by ghrelin. This peptide hormone is made by and released by the gut to increase appetite. During fasting, high concentration of ghrelin can strongly stimulate appetite and decrease suddenly when you eat something. NPY neurons inhibited by PYY3-36 to decrease appetite. PYY3-36 is released by intestinal cells. This small peptide level is increased after a meal to lower the appetite (satiety) signal (Ceballos 2016). This PYY3-36 acts on hypothalamic appetite control mechanism. PYY3-36 is very low in obese people, causing them to feel hungry and gain weight. The other type of appetite control neurons in arcuate nucleus is POMC neurons. These neurons can lower or inhibit appetite and increase the metabolism. They are also useful in acting as satiety

The medulla processes your swallowing along with your digestion from the lunch you had an hour ago, but it also is helping your heart and helping you to keep breathing while you are on your journey to another class. But the one of the main reasons you are even alert enough to perform this task is because your Reticular formation is sending signals to keep you alert. Everything that you see, feel, hear, or touch on the way to class is only processed because of the Thalamus, as it interprets how you feel these certain things, like a chill in the air or maybe the rain that could be falling. The thalamus also helps you with staying conscious on your trek across campus. But one of the reasons you feel good enough at school has something to do with the hypothalamus, as it links your nervous system to the endocrine system and helps regulate your temperature, and your hunger along with other hormones in the body. It also helps in growth and development, but most of us making this journey are probably done growing. But if you’re hungry while walking across campus it could be the regulation of your metabolism at work, which is also a job of the

The main trigger of AD is leptin, which is a hormone that signals to our brains the amount of fat that our body has to deal with. Thus the brain can adapt to eating to save fat reserves at a certain level and the more fat we have, the higher the level of leptin. At first, scientists thought that leptin might be used to deal with obesity, but soon they found that the majority of obese people are immune to the effects. People with large amounts of leptin had a bigger cerebral brain volume and a reducedfrequencyof mental illness and AD (Small, G. 2009).

Strosberg, A. D. and Issad, T. The involvement of leptin in humans revealed by mutations in leptin and leptin receptor genes. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 6(1), 227-230