Summary of Defending Against the Indefensible Essay

A writer's style is the thing that isolates his or her composed work and makes it stand-out. The style is the means by which forming is spruced up (or down) to fit the specific setting, reason, or gathering of spectators. Word choice, sentence commonality, and the creator's voice — all add to the style of a touch of

For this session, I introduced figurative language to Sophia. The first two examples of figurative language I taught her were similes and metaphors. I taught this lesson in the same format I taught story elements. I would have the definition writing down on the power point of Sophia and would have her write down the term and definitions in her notebook to refer back to later. I also included some examples as a way to teach the term that I also asked her to write down in her notebook.

Formative and summative assessments over the past two years indicate that metaphor was routinely the figurative language technique that student most struggled to grasp conceptually when it was presented to them in the traditional sixth-grade poetry cannon, but introducing The Crossover at the end of last year caused a significant shift in this area. Alexander introduces students to the concept of metaphor through conversation between father and son. “The court is my kitchen,” Josh’s dad tells him when Josh tries to dissuade his father from taking a coaching job due to his dad’s declining health, “Son, I miss being the top chef (Alexander, 166, 167).” Here, Alexander not only illustrates the correct use of metaphor, but also highlights the power of continuing figurative language to a logical end point. The original metaphor simply compares the court to a kitchen in the eyes of the father, but the continuation with the father comparing himself to the top chef in the kitchen both crystallizes the metaphor as a kitchen in a restaurant rather than a house. This also completes the meaning of the metaphor by demonstrating the father’s desire to once again be the best. Here again, the metaphors used by Alexander are relatable and powerful, which allowed students to gain a firmer grasp of the

Lakoff and Johnson state, “[w]e have found, on the contrary, that metaphor is pervasive in everyday life, not just in language but in thought and action” (3). They are saying that metaphors are used all the time and not just when people talk, but when they think and in what they do. This is exactly true because after learning about metaphors, and getting a better understanding of them, I have realized how much I, and others, apply them to everyday life without even realizing it, or trying to. Using a metaphor to describe Haas and Flower’s reading concepts will therefore make for a better grasp of what the concepts mean.

Style is choosing how to express your ideas. Contributes to the writer’s content, message, or emotional appeal.

It always amazes me to see how people can be alike, and different, at the same time. As I age, I find that I am ever more observant to the uniqueness of each individual, yet awed by our common humanity. Our differences are less something to be feared, than something to be celebrated. The metaphor presentations varied significantly, yet they addressed the same theme. The assignment provided an opportunity to glimpse how my classmates see and use metaphor. I believe we grow when we experience the creativity of others.

Rhetoric is debatably the foundation of every society, relationship, and piece of writing, but the branches which extend off of rhetoric are usually not analyzed with the same depth. One figure of speech in particular intertwines a level of complexity that allows for a drastic amount of interpretation: metaphors. A metaphor is nearly always within one’s speech, intentional or unintentional; a metaphor allows a reader to dive deeper into a text and allows more creativity to be shown. The protege of Plato, Greek philosopher, scientist and debatably one of the most influential thinkers in the history of Western thought, Aristotle, produced the books Rhetoric I, II, and III, where he plays with the concept and necessity of metaphors. Continuously Aristotle refutes himself, but throughout the rigorous interpretation and analyzation one may see he leans towards the usage of metaphors and the beneficial properties it bestows. Aristotle describes a metaphor within book III, Poetics as, “…the application of an alien name by transference either from genus to species, or from species to genus, or from species to species, or by analogy, that is, proportion.” The usage of metaphors is a critical way for a reader to grasp deep understanding of a topic that without there would not be a correct explanation for, while allowing the author to steer them into the correct interpretation of the text.

Although there are diversified classifications of the term ‘metaphor’, this research will merely focus on the aspect of metaphor that was put forward by a cognitive linguist. “In the cognitive-linguistic view, metaphor is defined as understanding one conceptual domain in terms of another conceptual domain” (Kövecses, 2002, p.4).

It discusses what has previously been researched and distinguishes what arguments the author plans to advance in their essay. Heidt’s literature review focuses on metaphors as a powerful rhetorical tool. He calls on their ability to organize people’s attitudes and beliefs in certain directions, inviting audiences to adopt particular views and ideas. Heidt also discusses a metaphor’s ability to resolve contradiction, pointing to policy discussions in which metaphors are used to direct audiences towards a specific goal or

Metaphors are a useful literary device that help enhance the readers interpretation of the author 's intent and they provide clarity to the context.

We've recently been constructing and familiarize with critical thinking. As well as being able to identify a strong argument, both inductive and deductive. We've explored the basis of critical thinking, and studied precisely how to analyze text. Noted as reading against the grain, we define critical thinking as. These previous 2 weeks we have also completed activities that test out critical thinking skills. Including comparing the content of articles, and creating a list to use during any critical thinking piece. Personally prior to these lectures and practices of critical thinking, I've always viewed it as simply annotating and giving your commentary on content. Internalizing critical thinking and applying it to various pieces of content,

I really like the reading about different metaphors, and I found some of them quite interesting. I recognized some of my professors’ teaching styles as well. The Mail Carrier Metaphor + The Garden Metaphor can best describe the public school teaching style in China, which will definitely not be my philosophy of EFL teaching.

Metaphors are basically another manner of communication. It is in essence a shortcut to immediate comprehension. You can consider it like an intellectual calculation in which you are comparing one thing to another thing. Metaphors can turn complicated and unknown objects or thoughts into something that can be easily understood by listener. This is because you are taking something that is familiar to the listener and comparing it to something that may be unfamiliar in order for them to get a better understanding. “Metaphors are to be understood as a global term meaning a comparison between two unlike things which serves to enhance our understanding” (Bowman 1996-1997 p. 1). Metaphors can assist speakers and listeners in understanding and communicating with each other about different things and relating those things to their personal views. “These metaphors and their understood meanings could be considered positive or negative, constructive or destructive.” (Bowman 1996-1997) Metaphors are oftentimes unnoticed, but they hold an unbelievably great deal of influence. The usage of metaphors when enthralled in conflict might aid those involved in moving toward a solution or escalate the issues and cause the conflict to get worse.

Just as Osterwalder believed that the business model canvas served as a visual aid to understanding organizational strategy, Van Engen believes that metaphors enhances communication by way of providing validity, giving clarity, and developing creativity. Anyone can deliver a message verbally, but the ability to deliver that message effectively requires a different skill set. Metaphors are useful communication devices in daily conversations and they are conceptual tools that are used to make sense of an issue, which helps to interpret and deliver meaning. (Ortony, 1974; Oswick & Grant, 1996)

Foregoing, metaphors only used in poetry, drama, literature or holy books. People also did not have an idea about metaphorical types, as time goes by metaphors became popular in conversation and people start extensively explored about metaphorical types. Now, metaphors become widely known and used in almost every aspect of conversations so as metaphorical types description. Metaphors are accepted in every circle, that is why nowadays people tend to use metaphorical regularly in speech, advertisement, songs, movie, and even when gossiping. Older people love to use metaphor to show off their experience and mock others in a most polite way. For young people, they use metaphor so they would look smart and mature. Either way is good that people