Super Vectors Chapter Summary

Ecological factors that encourage the Anopheles mosquito, and thus also encourage the prevalence of malaria include: being near the equator, densely populated areas, warmer temperatures, standing water, maintaining water for irrigation and deforested areas. (Holy p.1)

It tropical and sub-tropical climates temperature, humidity, and rainfall work together to create a breeding ground for mosquitoes. Mosquitoes are a host for communicable diseases one in particular is called malaria. Malaria is a parasitic disease that infects a particular type of mosquito, Anopheles mosquitoes, which feeds on humans. People who get malaria are typically very sick with high fevers, shaking chills, and flu-like illness. Although malaria can be a deadly disease, illness and death from malaria can usually be prevented (Global Health - Division of

In addition, diseases such as Hookworm and Malaria–brought to Latin America through colonisation and slavery–cause economic problems to this day. According to Hausmann (2009): “countries at a high risk of malaria grow 0.6 per cent slower than countries free from malaria”. Exports can be affected such as during the Cholera outbreak in Peru in 1991 which cost the fishing industry $800 million (Hausmann, 2009). It also increases healthcare costs and reduces worker productivity (Hausmann, 2009). Presently, resistance means that cheap medications for treatment of and protection from malaria are becoming less effective (Gallup et al., 2003, p.135). As

224 years ago, in 1793, a yellow fever epidemic roared over Philadelphia. This was a devastating time for all Philadelphians. Although there were no cures, there were treatments. There were two types of doctors back in this time; the French doctors and the American. Mosquitos are the cause of this. They (the mosquitos) got infected by the refuges. The mosquitos spread the yellow fever to mankind. This epidemic killed a couple thousand people.

One of the largest impacts from the colonial era had on the Caribbean is on its economy. The Caribbean was first mined for gold by Columbus when he discovered the area. When the gold ran out, plantations were set up for growing coffee and sugar to sell on the European markets. The system is ingrained into the culture.

Yellow fever is a disease caused by a virus transmitted by mosquitoes. It is a disease that is mostly found in tropical areas like South America and Africa (Cutter 2016). While scientific inquiry was certainly one of the main reasons that yellow fever became one of the first viruses that we were able to eradicate, it was not the only driving force. A biosocial approach to dissecting global health issues not only takes into account all the biological aspects that come into play, but also how society, history, culture and the political economy impact these global diseases (Farmer et al. 2013). This approach allows for a multidimensional analysis that gives more insight than any biological or clinical study ever could. By looking at yellow fever from a biosocial approach you can see how the Panama Canal played a major role in the discovery of it

The history of Caribbean music is directly correlated to the history of the Caribbean itself. That islands were invaded by outsiders whom inflicted violence, slavery, and genocide. It comes as a surprise that Caribbean music is aimable despite this formative background. Blame it on Christopher Columbus, the first European to land in this region in 1492. Based on Columbus's voyage, Spain claimed the entire region as its own. This displeased natives or Spain's European neighbors; within a few years, bloody battles raged across the islands of the Caribbean, fought by Spain, France, England, Denmark, and the Netherlands. All these battles, and diseases brought from Europe, decimated the native tribes knocking out entire cultures. Thus the Caribbean was colonized as part of the various European empires. the native culture was further eroded when the Europeans imported African slaves to work the sugar and coffee plantations on their island colonies. In multiple cases, the native cultures, and the native musics, were replaced with those brought over from Africa.

Mosquitoes can transmit a bigger number of illnesses than other variants of arthropods and have an impact on a large number of human population all throughout the world. WHO has declared that mosquitoes are the “public enemy number one” (Geneva, 1996).

As you calmly inch forward with a finger on the spray head, approaching steadily yet cautiously to avoid startling the organism who is miniscule compared to ourselves, one fails to take into account the broad consequences that their actions may have. This was a similar idea in the 1950s when cases of malaria arose and the most economical and effective means of control was essentially spraying at the touch of a button. Insecticides are a rapid way of killing mosquitoes that carried diseases. It was the clear solution to the problem; however mosquitoes evolved resistance to the insecticides. Since then, researchers and organizations have developed strategies to tackle the issue of insecticide resistance especially in the case of malaria. There have been tactics that have developed to hinder or prevent evolutionary resistance with the help of underlying evolutionary principles.

The Caribbean use to be a place of mystery during the time of William Shakespeare. Now, we know that it is a place that has suffered through terrible times. Jamaica is the center of our study; they have suffered through slavery and being abandoned by Great Britain. Through the stories that we read in class I saw the theme of power show up in the text. The mystery of the Caribbean was enough to make Shakespeare choose it for his final play The Tempest a story about power and how easy it is achieved and lost. Power is like control this is what makes it such a trick subject since it is always shifting and everyone thinks they have it but you know when you don’t have it.

According to the U.S. Center for Disease Control, “every year more than 1.5 million people around the globe lose their lives due to mosquito-borne diseases” (2012). A mosquito is an insect which lives around the world especially in tropical and subtropical countries. The mosquito has both positive and negative effects. As part of positive effects, larvae of mosquitoes are food for fish and dragonflies, and when mosquitoes consume nectar, they help the flowers to pollinate. On the other hand, mosquitoes make people annoyed and cause many diseases. World Health Organization (2016) explains that the mosquito is the greatest menace which causes many diseases and they are responsible for more than million deaths and cases every year. There are many diseases that caused by mosquitoes, but the diseases are commonly found and get people’s attention because they have many negative effects on people such as malaria, dengue fever, and zika virus disease.

According to the U.S. Center for Disease Control, “every year more than 1.5 million people around the globe lose their lives due to mosquito-borne diseases” (2012). A mosquito is an insect which lives around the world, especially in tropical and subtropical countries. The mosquito has both positive and negative effects. As part of positive effects, larvae of mosquitoes are food for fish and dragonflies, and when mosquitoes consume nectar, they help the flowers to pollinate. On the other hand, mosquitoes make people annoyed and cause many diseases. World Health Organization (2016) explains that the mosquito is the greatest menace which causes many diseases and they are responsible for more than million deaths and cases every year. There are many diseases that caused by mosquitoes, but the diseases are commonly found and get people’s attention because they have many negative effects on people such as malaria, dengue fever, and Zika virus disease.

Nowadays we can no longer define the term Caribbean as a place where a group of people called Carribs once lived. The Caribbean is a mixture of many people from all over the world, with different kinds of languages, skin color, cultures, moral beliefs and values, that we have developed and identified ourselves by throughout the years. The whole world looks at us as one region, but we divide ourselves into many regions. There are no trade arguments or a common Caribbean market that binds all of us together. We have created too many political, marketing, trading and even individual barriers between our Caribbean countries.

THE COMMONWEALTH CARIBBEAN/BRITISH CARIBBEAN is the term applied to the English- speaking islands in the Carribbean and the mainland nations of Belize (formerly British Honduras) and Guyana (formerly British Guiana) that once constituted the Caribbean portion of the British Empire. This volume examines only the islands of the Commonwealth Caribbean, which are Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, the Windward Islands (Dominica, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and Grenada), Barbados, the Leeward Islands (Antigua and Barbuda, St. Christopher [hereafter, St. Kitts] and Nevis, the British Virgin Islands, Anguilla, and Montserrat), and the so-called Northern Islands (the Bahamas, the Cayman Islands, and the Turks and Caicos Islands).

According to the U.S. Center for Disease Control, “every year more than 1.5 million people around the globe lose their lives due to mosquito-borne diseases” (2012). A mosquito is an insect which lives around the world, especially in tropical and subtropical countries. The mosquito has both positive and negative effects. As part of positive effects, larvae of mosquitoes are food for fish and dragonflies, and when mosquitoes consume nectar, they help the flowers to pollinate. On the other hand, mosquitoes make people annoyed and cause many diseases. World Health Organization (2016) explains that the mosquito is the greatest menace which causes many diseases and they are responsible for more than million deaths and cases every year. There are many diseases that caused by mosquitoes, but the diseases are commonly found and get people’s attention because they have many negative effects on people such as malaria, dengue fever, and Zika virus disease.