Superficial Tenon (SDFT) Injuries

| - osteoblasts begin to replace the fibrocartilage splint with spongy and compact bone, forming a bulge that is initially wider than the original bony shaft

3-6: This slide shows a section of a tendon with regularly arranged closely packed collagen fibers running in the same direction. This results in a flexible tissue with great resistance to pulling forces. With its enormous tensile strength, this tissue forms cord like tendons, which join muscles to bones, sheet-like aponeuroses, which attach muscles to muscles or muscles to bones, and ligaments, which bind bones together at joints.

Axel and skeleton frame injuries are something that are very common in the world of sports. The National Football Ledge(NFL) has a foundation of physical impact and is very strenuous on the axel and skeletal frame. Thoracic disc herniations in the one of the most common injuries the NFL and it requires the greatest amount of time to recover which is 189 days. Thou the injury is very high in football nearly 15 percent of American suffer from Thoracic Disc Herniation. Degeneration the most common cause of Thoracic disc herniation “As a disc's annulus ages, it tends to crack and tear. These injuries are repaired with scar tissue. Over time the annulus weakens, and the nucleus may squeeze (herniate) through the damaged annulus. Spine degeneration

The reporting party (RP) stated on 8/10/15 her son Dillion Lopez Harper age 3 DOB 7/29/13 sustained an injury at the day care. The RP when Dillion arrived home she observed that he had a bump on the side of his head and a split lip. The RP contacted the licensee and was told that Dillion fell out of a chair. The RP stated it was a highchair. According to the RP her 8 year old daughter Hannah Lopez witnessed the fall. The RP stated that the licensee did not contact her or make her aware that Dillion had sustained a fall. The RP stated she noticed that Dillion was lethargic and complaining of a headache. Dillion was taken to the hospital where he was diagnosed with a mild concussion. The RP stated the reason for Dillion's injury was due to over

Skin repair is an important physiological process which is essential for homeostasis, restoring barrier function and preventing infection (Martin, 2009; Boateng and Catanzano, 2015). Wound healing is defined as a complex, dynamic and the specific biological process associated with the phenomena of tissue regeneration and growth (Mazumder et al., 2016). Regeneration can be defined as a tissue that significantly damaged either completely or partially removed and tissue's original function and cell types must be functional and structurally restored (Mazumder et al., 2016). The process of healing comprises a cytokine, blood cells, extracellular matrix and growth factor (Joao De Masi et al., 2016). The growth factor is a protein that activates and

Tendons – a cord of tissue serving to connect a muscle with a bone or part

49). In this light, the MSCs produce numerous bioactive molecules which facilitate tissue repair in different pathways. For instance, elevated secretion of cytokines after hUCMSC injections can increase the repairing ability of injured myocardium. Therefore, boosting the secretion and expression of tissues for repair purposes like cytokines is likely the underlying mechanism for the therapeutic properties of intramuscular injection of hUCMSCs. It is also noteworthy that exploiting the paracrine properties of MSCs averts the risks involved in intramyocardial and intracoronary

Sometimes your tendon cell can get damaged but if it does happen it will be replaced with an even stronger one.

More specifically, the body recognizes the antigen proteins on the connective tissues as damaged tissue or foreign bodies. As a result, the autoimmune system goes into its defense mode which is a hyperactive state. In this state, it produces an excess of antibodies and growth factors. Growth factors are a hormone or substance that is required to stimulate growth or synthesis in cells. The specific chemicals that are produced are cytokines and chemokines. Furthermore, cytokines and chemokines which are produced in the blood are the chemical growth factors that assist with scar tissue repair by defending the body. It does this by stimulating the

The injuries of nervous system affect many people every year and is estimated that spinal cord injuries alone affect 10,000 each year. Nerve regeneration can be achieved by production of new neurons, glia, axons, myelin, or synapses. There are differences between the functional mechanisms of peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS). PNS has an intrinsic ability for repair and regeneration while CNS usually is incapable of self-repair and regeneration. There is currently no treatment for recovering human nerve function after injury to the CNS. Although, PNS has self-regeneration capacity, much research still needs to be performed for optimizing the environment for maximum regrowth. Injury to PNS immediately elicits the migration of phagocytes, Schwann cells, and macrophages to the lesion site in order to clear away debris such as damaged tissue [56-60].

Osteoarthritis, also known as degenerative joint disease, affects around 26 million Americans (Litwic 2013). It is an inflammation of the joints resulting from cartilage degradation. Cartilage is a firm connective tissue that is made up of chondrocytes that produce an extracellular matrix made up of collagen fibers, chondroitin sulfate, and elastin fibers. It forms rapidly, but it is avascular so there are no blood vessels running through it to provide the chondrocyte cells with oxygen and nutrients. To obtain nutrients, the nutrients diffuse through a connective tissue that surrounds cartilage called the perichondrium, in order to reach the center of the cartilage. Due to this avascular factor, self-repair of cartilage is much slower than

In this essay we will discuss the four different phases of the soft tissue healing process and also explain all the components of each particular phase and how it functions. This will also include sport therapeutic interventions that may contribute to the healing process and that may maximise healing of soft tissue.

Tendinopathy is defined as the enlargement of the tendon with the absence of inflammation (Andia). The symptoms of tendinopathy manifest when the rate of healthy tenocyte proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) formation is surpassed by the rate of tissue degeneration. Because of its prevalence among athletes and non-athletes alike, tendinopathy is widely studied with the leading research focused on cell apoptosis, angiogenesis that has escaped cell control, or inflammation and pain (joseph).2 Despite these efforts, very few effective treatments exist for it.

After hUCB-MSCs injection in this study, we observed the apparently normal of acinar cells and striated ducts in H&E stained sections. In addition to, the increased proliferative cells and decreased apoptotic cells in the immunostained sections may suggest that MSCs can act through paracrine mechanisms via anti-apoptotic factors including; Cytokines 51, stanniocalcin-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor 52 to mediate tissue repair and regeneration.

The neutrophils are attracted by fibronectine and growth factors which leads to them performing their role of phagocytosis. Phagocytosis allows the neutrophils to engulf all the debris and bacteria that are in and surround the site therefore getting rid of foreign particles and allow a clean environment for the inflammation to being to happen. As a result of the phagocytosis happening this then leads to macrophages replacing neutrophils which come from immature monocytes which are stored in spleen, they secrete growth factors and cytokines which lead onto the next phase of the healing response which is the proliferation phase (Frederic H. Martni, Judi L. Natch, Edwin F. Bartholomew, 2014).