Supervision And The Discrimination Model: A Case Study

What is discrimination you ask well it is the treatment or consideration of, or making

Supervision theories and practices began emerging as soon as counsellors started to train other counsellors (Bernard & Goodyear, 2009). Several different theoretical models have developed to clarify and support counselling supervision. The focus of early models of supervision had generally been based on counselling theories (such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Adlerian or client-centred), but these orientation-specific models have begun to be challenged as supervision has many characteristics that are different to counselling. Competency as a counsellor does not automatically translate into competency as a supervisor, and when supervisee/supervisor orientations differ, conflicts may arise (Falender &

|Bernard's Discrimination Model has three supervisory roles Teacher, councillor, and consultant and has three areas of focus for skill building, |

When defining, individual discrimination, institutional discrimination, and structural discrimination, I decided to use some of my pasted lecture notes. First, individual discrimination

The Help, A novel written by American author, Kathryn Stockett in 2009 tells the story of black maids working in white home. Setting in Jackson, Mississippi during 1960s, the society is obviously segregated into two groups, whites and blacks. Although there is some variety in economic and social class, race is the first determinant of a person's place and whether or not having right to access to educational, occupational, and economic opportunity. Racial tensions are high because white community members employ violence and coercion to possess the Civil Rights Movement from sweeping into their Mississippi town. The unfair practices of post-colonization make the lives of the town's black members so difficult.

Being a subject of multiple discrimination can cause major effects on a persons self esteem and self confidence, making them feel very low. It can affect their choices in life, such as career and living choices. Their health may also be affected by this.

In a perfect world, people would be equal in rights, opportunities, and responsibilities, despite their race or gender. In the world we live in, however, we always face all kinds of neglect based on different attributes. All over the United States, certain people treat others with prejudice because of particular features they possess. Unfortunately, prejudice and discrimination occur even in places which, by definition, should be free of all personal prejudices – specifically, in offices and other business surroundings. This tragedy is called workplace discrimination; not every unfair behavior at work, however, can be assessed as discrimination. Discrimination in the workplace happens when an employee experiences unfair treatment due to their race, gender, age, religion, marital status, national origin, disability or veteran status, or other characteristics. Discrimination is one of the largest issues people face in the workplace and it must be dealt with. The U.S. have laws and regulations on discrimination but it still often occurs. Workplace discrimination appears in hiring, training, promotion, firing, and other institutional or interpersonal treatment. Discrimination sometimes causes an employee to leave or quit the workplace, resign from a position, or in more severe cases, to commit suicide or act violently against the discriminators. Discrimination is one of the largest issues many people face in the workplace.

Race is a category or group of people having hereditary traits that set them apart from other groups of people. Based on skin color, hair texture, eye shape, ancestry, name and even identity performance; race is known as a social construct with real consequences and effects. Ethnicity is based on a shared cultural heritage.

Supervision is important for continued growth as a professional school counselor (Hess, Magnuson, & Beeler, 2012). Throughout my internship my relationship with my supervisor has been educational and productive for my continued growth. A strength includes that my supervisor provides timely constructive feedback about my skills and about cases. This evaluation helps me to grow and deepen my skills in order to become more effective with students. Another strength is that she helps me to further my knowledge about specific programs or services that are offered in the community that our students can benefit from. With her sharing this knowledge, she truly is supporting me in becoming a better school counselor. One limitation with our relationship is that sometimes she does not have an answer to my questions, however, this is usually due to an administration question that has not been answered. For example, one question that I have asked is why we cannot have an army or air force representative come to do a presentation to our seniors similar to how colleges come to the campus and do presentations. We have several students that

Discrimination, unjust judgment on others based on their characteristic which within a company will institutionalize. Institutional discrimination means a group is seen a certain way that an institution encourages or dislike for employee, interns, or student while interpersonal discrimination discriminations against people based on a personal views. Though discrimination was more common in the times of slavery and women as ‘stay at home moms’ but it still exist in the modern times of the last ten years. Everyday American’s face discrimination by companies and institutions based on gender, race, and social class with negative judgment. The negative judgments leads to the unjust treatment such as unequal payment, healthcare coverage and inaccurate stereotypes.

Using the counselor role in supervision will provide an opportunity to increase his competencies while also recognizing that Michael is at the beginning of his clinical internship experience and his academic lens must now evolve into practical theoretical applications and developing competencies. Assuring him will also be important to reduce his verbalized insecurity, by exploring his affective insecurity and any defensive reactions, which may interfere in his self awareness and growth as a counseling professional( Stenack & Dye,1982). It is also important in this case to learn more about Michaels own personal and cultural experiences and how

Effective supervision requires establishing different levels of supervision in order to know which offenders need closer supervision from those who require less supervision (Alarid & Del Carmen, 2012). Generally, the supervision of offenders is categorized into three or four levels: maximum, medium and minimum or maximum, high, standard, and administrative (Alarid & Del Carmen, 2012). The administrative level is for probationers or parolees who have committed minor offenses, satisfied financial responsibilities, and been in compliance for two years (Alarid & Del Carmen, 2012). Probationers and parolees on the administrative level do not require a personal visit or personal contact with the officer (Alarid & Del Carmen, 2012). Individuals on the administrative level are required to call in and leave a voicemail or mail in a residence verification and employment document (Alarid & Del Carmen, 2012).

Discrimination is the unequal treatment of someone for a reason that has nothing to do with legal rights or ability. People have been facing discrimination for years; in school, day to day interactions, and with employment. Discrimination in employment can come from bias hiring, promotions, compensation, or termination. Employment discrimination laws seek to prevent discrimination based on race, sex, religion, national origin, disability, and age by employers (Employment Discrimination, 2007).

Through the past couple hundred years, many minorities have faced detrimental discrimination. Those who have been heavy targets are Black Americans. It is common to hear that slavery is over, but those groups still face discrimination today. Why are these minorities paying the price? Institutional discrimination is the cause to this madness. Those who have authority over the average citizen extending their power rights and preforming non-relevant; like over policing the black americans.This is common in everyday scenarios, the courtrooms, the school grounds, and the streets. It starts when these groups are young.

Discrimination in the workplace occurs when an employee experiences harsh or unfair treatment due to their race, religion, national origin, disabled or veteran status, or other legally protected characteristics. Discrimination is one of the biggest problems people face in the workplace and it must be dealt with forcefully.