Supplemental Safety Pharmacology Studies Essay

The standard from the National Safety and Quality Health Service (2012) that I believe has the highest risk associated for a graduate nurse is Standard 4 Medication Safety (Bain). If best practice outlined in this standard is not abided by, then medication errors occur and may lead to poor outcomes for patients. These outcomes include longer hospitalisations, increased costs and death (Cheragi et al., 2014).

7. Record: Click the camera ([pic]) to take a snapshot of your graph, and paste the image in a blank document. You will turn in this document with this worksheet. Label the image with the pill type and dosage schedule.

This article will look at two articles and focus on aspects of safety medication administration in nursing practice by the staff nurses. This is interesting area because the previous report on the medication administration error in the UK shows that approximately 5.6% of doses administered to adult hospital patients and it has been estimated that 0.6-1.2% of medication administration errors may lead to severe harm even death (Mcleod et al, 2013). Leape et al (1995) indicated that nurses were responsible for 86% of all medication error interception, regardless of the original errors. The nurses play the important role in identifying the causes of medication errors and preventing medication administration errors in nursing practice in order to provide safe care toward the service users (Henneman et al, 2010). The Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA 2004) documented that the health professionals need to effectively and safely use medicines to ensure patients get the maximum benefit from the medicine; meanwhile minimizing the potential harm. This article will be critiqued on the different types of evidence which explored safety medication administration in the nursing practice toward service user. Using evidence is important in nursing practice because it can help nurses in addressing questions related to best possible care and improve patients’ outcome. It is embedded within the code the nurses are expected to use best possible evidence in the nursing

With the growing number of people becoming diagnosed, and experiencing symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease, we must begin to take precautions and somehow attempt to gain knowledge of how the disease can be better treated, and ultimately prevented.

An elderly patient is complaining of a bad cough at her yearly physical. She has recently been diagnosed with diabetes and regularly takes prescription pain medication for her arthritis.

Dementia, defined by the Alzheimer’s Association, is the overall term for diseases and conditions characterized by a decline in memory or other thinking skills that affects a person’s ability to perform everyday activities. More than 250,000 Americans will develop dementia (including Alzheimer 's) when they are sixty-five or older and at eighty-five the risk of developing Alzheimer’s is fifty percent. Since this disease was found in 1907 by Alois Alzheimer, there have been thousands of dollars, research, and clinical trials put into finding a cure for this horrible disease. This literature review examines the effects of the type of Dementia known as

Current pharmacological treatment options available to Alzheimer's patients provide only modest and short-acting benefits in exchange for

The experiment was conducted within a year, which involved one hundred and twenty patients within the ages of fifty and above. These participants showed signs of acquiring Alzheimer’s disease due to the fact that they experienced a minor condition of dementia. The experiment was led in a double blind manner where both the subjects and researchers do not know which type of treatment the participants received. The participants were divided into two groups, an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received the capsule

Alzheimer's Disease is a condition that affects 50% of the population over the age of eighty five, which equals four million Americans each year. It is becoming an important and high-profile issue in today's society for everyone. There are rapid advancements being made in the fight against this disease now more than ever, and the purpose of this essay is to educate the public on the background as well as the new discoveries. There are many new drugs that are being tested and studied every day which slow down, and may even halt the progress of the disease.

Cognition enhancing drugs has become very popular in recent decades. As the whole world is facing a problem of population aging, cognitive declining or impairment which can be in parallel with age trend has drawn worldwide attention from neuroscience researchers and pharmaceutical industry. Cognitive difficulties can not only be seen in age-related neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease, but also be caused by some other factors, such as genetic factor or brain injury. Mostly, these diseases or sequelae cannot be cured, reversed or even stopped. To improve life quality of the patients who suffered these diseases, cognition enhancing drugs have been developed as a potential treatment and widely used. Interestingly, more and more

• People with bladder cancer or a history of the same- if one is under treatment of bladder consult cancer; don’t take the drug, since it may make the condition worse. Furthermore, if you have a history of bladder cancer, consult the physician to decide of its safe for you to take it

The nervous system of the human body is composed of two units; the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. To get to the focus of this paper, which encompasses the pharmacology of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, it must be understood that the peripheral nervous system further breaks down into motor and sensory neurons, and the motor neurons even further breakdown into the somatic and autonomic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system is then divided into the sympathetic division and parasympathetic divisions which, “controls involuntary responses by influencing organs, glands and smooth muscle”. (68, book). The parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions have actions that oppose each other and the drugs used for each reflect this in how they interact with the body. Depending on the reaction that is wanted from a particular drug used, there are also considerations that need to be addressed prior to make sure the right reaction will occur. Although they are small divisions of the peripheral nervous system, the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are vital to the nervous system and the human body as a whole.

Clinical Overview (Module 2.5) includes Efficacy summary, safety summary, justification of dosing recommendations, appropriateness of product information, future plans for pediatric development, any risk to different peoples, and benefit-risk ratio. For the given product the following objectives need to take into consideration during the benefit-risk analysis. Doses of the Pob (investigational drug) for different age groups, Side effects on the different age groups, Side effects of the pregnant woman, Side effect on people of different origins, Effectiveness of the drugs, Maximum dose allowance, t ½ time for Pob and others.

Pharmacokinetics has evolved over the years from being a graphic science to a systematic and is frequently used in the current clinical studies. Scientists are progressively being conscious and willing to collect relevant pharmacokinetic data by using the in vitro studies. In vitro studies will allow the safer and more predictable studies compared and results compare to in vivo studies. Interpretation of toxic side effects of all the medications can be studied via pharmacokinetics in vitro analysis.

Adams and Urban (2013) states that “pharmacokinetics focuses on what the body does to the drug after they are administered.” (p. 41), therefore pharmacokinetics relates to the process of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of a drug that is administered. An important aspect of administering medications is to be aware of the route of administration and how fast the medication is going to be absorbed. In order to maintain safety of the patient, we would also have to check the latest lab results for the patient, and correlate the clinical image of the patient with his body’s ability to process the medication, and that includes liver function, kidney function, electrolytes level.