SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
SUBMITTED BY – KANIKA GUPTA EPGDIM 2011-13
SUPPLY CHAIN OF HINDUSTAN PENCILS
Hindustan Pencils Limited is the largest primary school stationary manufacturing company in India. They were established in 1958 & have mastered the art of making high quality stationary products. With the latest machinery set up, today our state of the art manufacturing units daily produce 5.6 million pencils,1.2 million sharpeners, 2.3 million erasers ,0.16 million scales,0.30 million pens.
In India the brands Apsara and Nataraj have emerged as household names. In other words, Hindustan Pencils Ltd. has come to personify quality at a competitive price.
Keeping up with their mission
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2. Cigarette Manufacturing –
A. After the tobacco companies select and buy the tobacco from the warehouses, the tobacco is cured and sent to the factories.
B. In the factories, the tobacco leaves are de-stemmed, cut into strips, and cleaned. As the cleaning process is a very important step, some companies will chemically, electronically and manually clean the leaves.
C. The tobacco is then steamed to make sure that the leaves will not become too dry and begin crumbling. (Although the leaves will later be dried again for storage.
D. Next, the tobacco is aged, usually for about 12-18 months.
E. After aging, the tobacco is often combined with different flavorings, such as menthol, licorice, maple syrup, or cocoa.
F. The flavored tobacco is then made into cigarettes with various cigarette making machines. The tobacco is wrapped into cigarette paper, an adhesive is applied to the side to seal the paper, and the cigarette is cut to the desired length.
G. A filter rod machine then attaches a filter to the end of the cigarette. A paper wrap is then applied around the filter and adhesive is applied to secure it.
H. Finished cigarettes are then sent to a packaging machine where they (typically 20 to a pack) are wrapped in foil and a label. They are then wrapped with clear plastic and a tear tape. The individual packs are placed into cartons and
Tobacco can be found two ways, it can be dried brown leaves of various sizes or it can be a grown form of tobacco. When extracted from the leaves, nicotine is colorless, but quickly turns brown when exposed to air. It then becomes a poisonous, pale yellow, oily liquid with a pungent odor and acrid taste. The amount of nicotine contained in tobacco leaves ranges
In addition to the American Indians’ discovery of the tobacco plant, the farmers of the Virginia Colony undoubtedly changed tobacco forever. In 1660, English factories were stocked to the brim with tobacco which caused the product’s price to drop immensely. The colonists
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are devices that deliver aerosolized nicotine to the user by heating a liquid (typically propylene glycol) containing nicotine and flavoring agents. Most devices share a common design – a plastic tube containing a battery, an airflow sensor, a heating element and a cartridge containing the liquid (Figure 1).
(a). Tobacco, as it relates to the early colonial period, was a fundamental cash crop for the
tobacco from the fields after it was cut, and then into the town to be sold. From 1758 – 1760
* 30. In the mid-1600s competition from milder Virginia tobacco and the expulsion of experienced
tobacco would plant tobacco to sell, before even planting to corn to eat. The Chesapeake Bay produced
Tobacco had an effect on the colonies in many different ways. In colonial Virginia, tobacco was it’s most successful cash crop. The tobacco that the first English settlers encountered in Virginia tasted bitter and dark to the English. In 1612 John Rolfe obtained Spanish seeds, Nicotiana tabacum, from the Orinoco River valley. These seeds when planted at the bottomland of the James River, produced a still dark, but milder leaf. This became the European standard for tobacco.
That tightens undesireable veins, growing this circulatory pressure and invigorating one 's heart, and boosts this blood vessels weight amounts. Throughout its substance construction, may be is an efficient harmful substance—the infusion of also one decline will be fatal. It does not take may be, not necessarily this smoking, that produces men and women continue smoking cigarettes, but it 's the cigarettes smoking that produces a considerable lots of the difficulties. Tobacco smoking is actually the variety of perilous gasses—carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, and nitrogen and sulfur oxides—and tars, that incorporate the expected some, 000 chemical substances. A few of these chemical specialists are usually offered through latest cigarettes building techniques. While cigarettes may be smoked cigarettes with regard to quite a while, merely nowadays provides the idea migrated from the commonly formulated and dried out method. That generates this feeling in which throughout the modern one hundred year this negative has an effect on of using tobacco get soared. The actual dedication, that 's shared through a lot of power, is actually a excellent perhaps the involved danger is actually sent from the potion treatment method and out of place getting ready of cigarettes. The tiny analysis which has been completed with this (it is just not
Tobacco came about in the 1400’s, when Christopher Columbus was gifted with a small dried tobacco leaves from the American Indians that he encountered on the small island of San Salvador. Back then, men used tobacco as “drink smoke” and “tobacco drinking”. During 1559, the year historians mark as the year tobacco was officially introduced to Europe, the French ambassador to Portugal, Jean Nicot, presented some tobacco plants acquired in the New World, and from then tobacco was here to stay.
In 2003, Han Lik, a Chinese pharmacist, developed the electronic cigarette after the death of his father due to lung cancer. Electronic cigarettes are battery-operated devices that are filled with flavored liquid that may or may not contain nicotine that can be inhaled by the user. The device gives smokers that experience of a traditional cigarette but without all the tar, tobacco, and carcinogens. The vaporization in electronic cigarettes is started by the battery heating up the liquid solution, then creating a vapor that can be inhaled. Some are in the form of a regular cigarette while others are in the shape of a pen (Prono). The FDA does not currently regulate e-cigarettes and there are no long-term studies on the effects of the chemicals used in the vapor solutions.
It is evident that the use of tobacco (Nicotiana spp) ( Baud, 1991) as recreational activity is first recorded with the American Indians. This involved the use of both smoked and chewed across North America well before European contact (Adams, Johnson& Murphy, 2015). At this time there was predominantly two kinds of tobacco that were being cultivated, and there was also several varieties grew wild (Adair, 2000). Tobacco was started to be grown commercially in the 17th centry. This first happened in the southeast United States. And during the 18th Centry the French engineer Nicolas de Finiels (Finiels, 1989) in St. Louis 2000 pounds of tobacco were grown. . Indians inhabiting the plains increasingly used tabacum, at this time the Indians began to use not only for ceremonial purposes but also for recreation purposes (Stephen, 2016). As previously indicated tobacco was originally discovered by the Native peoples of the Americas, the transportation of tobacco to Europe is credited to the Europeans. This accured when Columbus, on October 15, 1492, sent sailors in to the interior of cuba where they found “… men with half-burned wood in their hands and certain herbs to take their smokes, which are some dry herbs put in a certain leaf, also dry, like those the boys make on the day of the Passover of the Holy Ghost; and having lighted one part of it, by the other
In 2003, Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) were first manufactured in China. These products were later debuted in the U.S. market in 2006 as novel tobacco products and have been gaining popularity since (1,2,3). ENDS, such as e-cigarettes, are battery powered devices that heat a solution typically containing nicotine in order to create a vapor without the combustion of tobacco. This liquid is inhaled into the lungs and then exhaled similar to traditional cigarettes. The solution, also known as e-liquid, can contain various levels of nicotine (including no nicotine) and is available in various flavors (2,3,4).
b. Background: Tobacco were around 6,000 B.C. and was only grown in America. It was not used until Christopher Columbus had discovered it.
A cigarette, briefly referred to as a cigar could simply be regarded as a paper wrapped roll of dry tobacco leaves which are smoothly cut. The finely cut dry leaves of tobacco are rolled to make a cylinder-like pipe which is used for smoking. A cigarette is light on one end while the other end is placed into the mouth of the smoker for inhaling. Most cigarettes have on one end a filter. Cigarettes may be made of either tobacco as earlier stated or from cloves, or cannabis. Normally a cigarette is smaller than a cigar.