Surrealism : Salvador Dali, Frida Kahlo And Gustav Klimt

Frida Kahlo is one of the most famous female painters to originate from the twentieth century, and for good reason. Her art is filled with beauty and creativity, but Frida’s main source of fame comes from the emotions that these paintings invoke, rather than the actual paintings. This is because Frida put herself into every painting she did, leaving traces of her presence all throughout this world and these traces remain long after her physical departure. Frida was a very peculiar and unique individual, hence, Frida’s definition of what a person is, or rather, what a self is, follows accordingly. The self is the reality that one conceives, and this self will live long after the physical body dies, continuing on as long as their

Surrealism is a movement that built off of the burgeoning look into art, psychology, and the workings of the mind. Popularly associated with the works of Salvador Dali, Surrealist art takes imagery and ideology and creates correlation where there is none, creating new forms of art. In this essay I will look to explore the inception of the surrealist movement, including the Surrealist Manifesto, to stress the importance of these artists and their work in the 20th century and beyond. I also will look to films from our European Cinema course to express how films incorporate the influence of surrealism both intentionally and unintentionally.

Frida Kahlo was best known for her reflective self-portraits that defined the tragedies she'd endured. Explaining her affection for the style, Kahlo said, "I paint myself because I am so often alone, because I am the subject I know best.” Kahlo contracted Polio at the age of six which left her with a deformed foot, she was also Bed-bound while recovering from a grisly streetcar accident. Kahlo under went over 30 operations throughout her life; and over the years she painted a portrait of herself whenever she was troubled.

Explain how both Dada and Surrealism changed the form, content, and concept of art. Which two works of art discussed in the chapter would you choose to represent these two movements?

Surrealism was one of the most influential artistic movements of the 20th Century. André Breton consolidated Surrealism as a movement in the early 1920s, trying to achieve the “total liberation of the mind and of all that resembles it[1]” through innovative and varied ideas. Surrealism deeply influenced the world in the era between the two world wars and played a big role in the diffusion and adoption of psychology worldwide. Surrealism faded after World War II, but its revolutionary genius has influenced every artistic movement ever since.

Another damaging event in her life was the trolley accident. When she was nineteen, Frida Kahlo and her friend, Alejandro Gomez Arias, were injured in a almost fatal accident when a trolley crashed into the bus that Frida and Alejandro were on (Barnet-Sanchez). It appears that Frida was impaled by a metal handrail through her pelvis. Due to this accident, she sustained multiple fractures of the back, right leg, pelvis, and right foot. She was put in a whole body cast for a long period of time, and it is said that many of the doctors did not believe that should would live or walk again. The movie accurately displays an expression of hopelessness and isolation when it captures the moments that Kahlo was bed-ridden for days recovering and how the actress looked when a medical assistant had to help her bathe herself. During her recovery, Frida began to paint. Her parents made her a special easel, so she could paint laying down (Barnet-Sanchez). Frida Kahlo was also unable to bear a child after the accident, this left her to feel like she was less than a woman and depicted herself in her paintings with enhanced masculine features. This was a mentally and psychically scarring event that impacted how she perceived the world and this was translated in her paintings. The painting “The Bus” was Kahlo’s interpretation of the moments before her life drastically changed (Nelson). Scholars that have studied

Before her life as an artist, Frida Kahlo would suffer traumatic experiences that will lead her to taking her first steps into the world of art. She would experience pain in her childhood that will lead into her early adulthood. As an adult, Frida would then suffer a fatal accident as well as the infidelity of her husband. In addition to the personal issues she endured, she also dealt with the questioning of her national identity. Kahlo’s artistic abilities later led her to create self-portraits which often showed herself suffering. Using her personal tragedies, Frida Kahlo was able to render paintings that resembled pain and suffering.

It developed out of Dadaism and depicted the world of enlightenment, i.e., surreal world. It was born soon after Dada, which emphasized metaphysical paintings inspired by the imagination and accidental juxtaposition of objects. It aimed to make people become more aware of poetic aspects, rather than scientific ones, by exploring and explaining unconscious mind and freeing imagination. Despite Dada’s limitations, the exploration of Freud’s suggestions done by surrealists opened countless new paths. Surrealism goes even further from nihilistic Dadaism, which denies humankind, society, order, ethics, and art, and pursued unconscious world, dream world, and automatic world, thus seeking a new artistic

“I paint self-portraits because I am so often alone, because I am the person I know best.” Known as one of the most influential Latin American artist’s Frida Kahlo was a female Mexican painter, recognized for her elaborate Mexican dress and detailed self-portraits. Suffering through many struggles and tragedies in the beginning stages in her life, including an almost fatal bus crash and polio at the age of six. Events lead to her often being alone, this lead to her painting herself, as she was who she known best. Frida Kahlo’s paintings and amazing battle have inspired many all over the world, her elaborate dress has sparked many Halloween costumes over the years and an abundance of conventions and celebrations of her life; this is the

4. Frida Kahlo essentially became an international cultural icon, honored by many people, especially in Mexico. Her artwork withholds visual symbolism of all kinds of emotional and physical pain and most importantly she incorporated indigenous culture and her depiction of the female experience. Including illustrating the feelings of death, loneliness, pain, including the pain of miscarriages, failed marriage, and the aftermath of tragic accidents. Through her imagery, she was able to portray her life experiences. She would include specific elements that symbolized something greater. Throughout the process of analyzing all different aspects of Frida Kahlo’s paintings, it provided a deeper understanding to each painting.

What elements of dada and surrealism suggest the influence of Freud? The 20th Century marked a changed in how people viewed the known world. Since its beginning art has played a major role in how people were able to express themselves. The early 20th century brought rise to new and exciting art forms. These were types of writings, paintings and, documentaries that no one had ever seen before. From expressionism to Dadaism types of work ranged by all means of the artist. About the 1920's a new wave of art would soon be seen worlds over. This art form introduced psychology in a new way to look at the conscious and subconscious minds. From the beginning Dadaism and surrealism showed true signs of influence from

The surrealist artists believed the dream state and subconscious mind to be an untapped and very fertile creative fount of inspiration. The symbolism of dreams and the expressive images generated by the subconscious were far more thought provoking than the representational, logical images of the conscious mind. The surrealist artists were creating art out of what others thought to be garbled and unintelligible. They were in effect taking a concept created to heal and using it to create art instead. They were on to something with this. No matter what the medium or the style used, a bit of the self becomes visible and evident in the result. Art therapy is one of the modern descendants of this movement.

As Dali moved into his Surrealist years he became more interested in psychology and exploring his own fears and fantasies. Dali’s Surrealist period last from 1929-1940, in which years he joined the Surrealist Movement, and shortly after became a leader in this movement. In order to bring images from his “subconscious mind”, Dali began to use a method to find inspiration for his art; he would induce hallucinatory states in himself. As his work matured, and his fame grew

The surrealist movement holds emotional authenticity and social activism as the highest ideals. Influenced by the work of Freud and Jung, the arts are viewed as psychic manifestations that go deeper than external reality. Spontaneous techniques, like psychic automatism (i.e. automatic writing and drawing), generate images from the unconscious and result in content similar to dream experiences and contemplating these images provides a new experience of reality (McNiff, 2009).

As mentioned surrealism, like Dadaism, tried to distance itself from contemporary culture and sought to shock the familiarity of reality. Hence, the unconscious has a centrepiece in surrealist art and the underlying theme was to create images of such unconscious situation or universes. This was primarily achieved with the use of symbolism and the placing of objects in unfamiliar settings. This would revitalize and redefine such objects outside the conventional reality that is the adversary in surrealist art and hence create the desired conflict between the conventional and the unconscious (Waldberg 1997; Martin 1987).