Surrogate Mothers Or Those Donating Gametes For Research And Fertility Treatment Of Others Receive Remuneration For Their Contributions

Commercial surrogacy is the process in which a woman is paid a fee to carry and deliver a baby to term. Once the baby is delivered, the woman relinquishes all parental rights to the commissioning couple who exclusively raise the child as their own. Altruistic surrogacy, by contrast, is an arrangement where the surrogate receives reimbursement but only for the expenses that she may have incurred during the pregnancy. In this essay I will argue that commercial surrogacy should not be market-inalienable. I will start by outlining Elizabeth Anderson’s argument in “Is Women’s Labor a Commodity?” in which she offers a number of criticisms to commercial surrogacy. I will then outline objections to the argument and highlight how her argument is highly speculative and does not provide an adequate basis for the prohibition of commercial surrogacy.

I read an article that was published on The Hasting Center Journal, called “The Case Against Surrogate Parenting”, by Herbert Krimmel, Krimmel takes a stand against surrogate motherhood arrangements because of the many ethical issues it causes, he argues surrogate motherhood, is a financial profit, there can be conflicts during the process, and is designed to separate in the mind of the surrogate mother. First, Krimmel argues that the reason a woman often or always undertakes the pregnancy is because of the money motive. He states, “The cause of this dissociation is some other benefit she will receive, most often money.' In other words, her desire to create a child is born of some motive other than the desire to be a parent. This separation

Surrogacy involves a woman who bears a child for a couple, with the intention of handing it over at birth. She is usually either artificially inseminated with the man's sperm or implanted with a fertilized egg from the woman or with a fertilized egg with the husband’s sperm and wife’s egg. This would be done when the couple have tired endlessly to conceive their own child but

Pande thinks the long-range solution is to relax surrogacy regulation in other countries so that people don’t need to leave their home countries to find surrogate mothers. She proposed an international model of surrogacy founded on openness and transparency on three fronts: in the structure of payments, in the medical process, and in the relationships forged within surrogacy.

“Many people believe that it is unethical to pay women who donate eggs for stem cells research, while others consider it unethical not to pay them.” (Chapter Preface)

Various ethical issues which we see that needed addressing would be the following. The purpose and intent of parties. The agreement is to provide a means for the intended parents to become the parents of a child, which is carried and birthed by the surrogate after the surrogate upon artificially inseminated. Representation and warranties where the intended parents warrant that

An individual had her whole life planned, where she were to get married, have a baby and live happily ever after. The thought of experiencing pregnancy and giving birth to her first or maybe only child is thrilling. However, she discovers that her health is in a critical state, and getting pregnant would worsen her illness. With many options available to have a child, this woman and her husband choose to have their biological baby through surrogacy. This process of surrogacy involves taking the sperm and the egg of the couple in order to have a fertilized egg that is going to be then transferred to a surrogate. Having the advantage of being a surrogate mother is empowering, and should not be viewed as unethical.

In this video, I learned many things about surrogacy and donor parents. When a woman is trying to have a baby but fails to succeed, she often turns to alternative ways. One of the first things she may try is artificial insemination or IFV. Both of these treatments are ways to conceive a child and carry it in your own womb. There are many times that women want to have their own biological child, but it will not work. The next for women in this situation is surrogacy. Surrogacy is when another women carries a child and then gives it to the women to raise as her own. This often has many problems because either the surrogate mother wants to keep the child or the other mother decides she does not want to have a baby anymore.

Surrogate motherhood agreements have motivated widespread public, governmental and academic debate. Surrogacy refers to a practice when another woman carries and gives birth to a baby for the couple who want to have a child. Full surrogacy (also known as Host or Gestational) involves the implantation of an embryo created using either:

Surrogacy is a method of assisted reproduction that helps intended parents start families (La Jolla 2012). While there are two forms, traditional and gestational, gestational surrogacy is the most widely used today. The reason for this is because it allows for both intended parents to have a genetic tie to their child. Whereas in traditional, only the intended father had the genetic tie. While both processes are extremely pricy, costing at least $100,000 in the United States, gestational surrogacy is more expensive because it requires the use of In Vitro Fertilization (BabyCenter 2016). In addition, surrogacy is expensive because of the legal fees, which can be up to $14,000, that are included in the contract (BabyCenter 2016).

In order to identify the problem of egg donation, one must take into account the harm that is attached to said problem. Without payment regulations, egg donation agencies have the ability to compete with one another to receive more donations. This lack of order is detrimental to the health of women because of the financial encouragement to become repeat donors. To decrease the number of repeat donors, all egg donation agencies should strictly implement the $10,000 maximum payment set forth by the American Society of Reproductive Medicine (ASRM).

Eggsploitation is a 2010 documentary that draws attention towards the multi-billion dollar infertility industry in the United States. The filmmaker does this by investigating what transpires within the egg donation business and interviewing donors who have had damaging effects since contributing. Ultimately they go as far as to compare the process to human trafficking because of some of the consequences of donating eggs alone. The film is incredibly thought provoking and brings up several critical points, most notably the lack of sufficient safety data on the risks of egg extraction or even donor post operation records documentation. However despite this the film remains exceedingly bias as it aggressively emphasizes its views on how women

In today’s technologically advanced society, many services exist to assist in the conception of children. Genetic technologies that were once used for screening purposes and fertilizing the infertile are now utilized in an industry where gametes are bought and sold for specific heritable traits in order to conceive the perfect child. To obtain these ideal gametes couples place advertisements, independently or through donor or fertility clinics, which list their desired characteristics and the price they are willing to pay for donation of sperm or eggs. It is unethical for individuals seeking an ideal conception to place donor-seeking ads including their genetic wish list and their monetary offer for those who fulfill this list. This paper

Was the baby Indian or Japanese? Because of different laws between India and Japan, the problem became very complicated. Their surrogacy contract didn’t mention this situation. There are no any existing laws to help to clarify the matter. This case shows that the unperfected contract and laws may make the intended couples into trouble if something unexpectedly happened.

Surrogacy is arrangement in which a woman is hired to carry and give birth to a child who will then be given to another couple or person. The child is usually related to the birth mother, but in some cases, may be related to the surrogate mother. Maria Trimarchi (2008) from a health article on infertility, informs readers of the “two types of surrogacy: traditional and gestational”. With traditional surrogacy, the surrogate mother 's egg is utilized and then fertilized and this makes her the genetic mother of the child. In gestational surrogacy, the egg is provided by the intended mother or a donor (Trimarchi, 2008). The egg is fertilized through In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and then placed inside the surrogate mother (Cheung, 2014).