Surveillance Is Responsible For Verifying The Diagnosis And Treatment Of All Reportable Stds

Syphilis is spread through contact with a syphilis sore (Syphilis). It has a wide range of side effects, and if left untreated can turn into a serious problem. There are several tests for syphilis, including blood, tissue, and fluid (from syphilis sores) tests. The rapid plasma regain test (RPR test), for example, tests blood or spinal fluid for syphilis antibodies (or T Pallidum antibodies), but because these antibodies are nonspecific to syphilis, this can result in a false positive. The enzyme immunoassay (EIA) test is the second test used to confirm syphilis in someone who tested positive in the RPR test. It also tests for syphilis antibodies. Its treatment has evolved a lot. In the 1940s, it was treated primarily by penicillin, which is most likely what Henrietta Lacks would have used to be treated for this disease if she got proper treatment (Progress). Now, a variety of antibiotics are used to treat syphilis, including penicillin. The dosage is small in the early stages but increased later. Harm done in the third stage cannot be reversed though

1.1 Explain employees’ roles and responsibilities in relation to the prevention and control of infection

Wysocki, 2015 estimated that half of all people in the United States will have contracted a sexually transmitted disease in their lifetime. Numerous young women under age 25 haven’t been screened and are asymptotic. Infections impact individuals of all economic levels and backgrounds. Three sexually transmitted diseases are required to be reported by physicians to public health officials. These three are syphilis, gonorrhea and chlamydia. African American and Latinos have barriers which increase rates of sexually transmitted diseases (Sutton, 2012).

Study participants were told nothing of their infection with syphilis. Treatment was withheld from participants, and no satisfactory treatment given for satisfactory recovery to a few. Public Health System officials denied study participants treatment and prevented other medical professionals and agencies from supplying medication and treatment.

(II) The government knew the participants had syphilis and failed to treat them. (III) The Public Health Service failed to fully disclose to the participants that they had syphilis, that they were participating in the study, and that treatment was available for syphilis. (IV) The Public Health Service led the participants to believe that they were being properly treated for whatever diseases they had, when in fact, they were not being meaningfully treated. (V) The Public Health service failed to obtain the participants’ written consents to be a part of the study. (VI) The study was racially motivated and discriminated against African Americans in that no whites were selected to participate in the study (VII) There were no rules and regulations governing the study.

Nationwide free STD testing centers are convenient locations that test for a large number of conditions, so no one will know what you are there for. They are abided and instructed by the HIPAA Privacy Rule, so your medical information stays safe. They also safeguard your data with secure industry-standard encryption. Your STD testing process is guaranteed to be private, secure and reliable.

.The study consisted of a total of “ 600 African- American men; 399 that were previously identified with having syphilis and 201 were uninfected” (“USPHS Syphilis Study” 1). Throughout the entire study the men were never told that they had syphilis, only told that have a condition known as “bad blood”.

Tuskegee Syphilis Study was originally a program to help improve the health of poor African Americans in the south, but later on, in the program, a dark turn was taken, and it ended up harming African Americans instead of helping. Starting in the 1900s syphilis was a widely spread sexually transmitted disease. In 1905 Fritz Schaudinn and Erich Hoffman discovered the bacteria that causes syphilis and then a year later August Wassermann introduced the first diagnostic blood test to identify syphilis (page 747). Then, in 1911 Paul Ehrlich created salvarsan, and although it could not treat syphilis it could halt the disease and prevent it from being infectious (page 747). Unfortunately, these events lead to the U.S. Public Health Service and Julius Rosenwald Fund creating a program to diagnose and treat syphilis in African Americans down in Mason County, Alabama (page 747).

Communicable diseases are a major concern ranging from local issues to global issues. Communicable diseases are diseases that are spread from one person to another or from an animal to a person. The transmission often happens via airborne viruses or bacteria, but also through blood or other bodily fluid. They are of major concern due to the health issues that are brought and the complications involved if not treated. This paper explores Miami Dade County communicable diseases that are mostly common. These diseases are hepatitis, tuberculosis, syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea. The incidence rates are given and some are even compared to the nationwide numbers. Age differences may show higher rates or lower rates. It appears that most

Despite having penicillin available which is the cure for Syphilis, the participants were purposely left untreated, therefore; allowing a curable disease to take its course for the selfish purposes of this study. This intentional act allowed the group of African-American sharecroppers from Macon County, Alabama to knowingly engage in sexual activity with women and they were also exposed to this disease. Which resulted in an entire sector of society being exposed to the Syphilis disease who were not given treatment as a result of the researchers and medical practitioners choice to not disclose information pertinent to their disease and choice to withhold treatment. The participants were never given a choice about continuing in the study once penicillin did become available and they were actually prevented from getting treatment. This in essence, also violated the rights of the participants; putting them in grave danger and at the same time exposed many of these participants even to

Consequently, informed consent was not preserved because the participants were not informed about the research purpose, risk and benefits or any detail explanation about syphilis. Moreover, a free treatment for “bad blood” – not really a specific disease was the only information that the black men in Macon County, Alabama had; therefore, they did not know they would get a painful spinal tape to determine the neurological which was not really necessary in syphilis

The Chicago Department of Public health exemplifies a public health department that is extremely proactive and supportive of initiatives to eradicate or significantly decreasing the incidence of STI/HIV /AIDS in the City of Chicago. To this end, the Chicago Department of Health monitors the incidences of new cases in the city, while constantly monitoring the progression or regression of the conditions of patients already affected by the HIV virus. Statistical data is collected through the avenue set up for health care providers to report all pertinent information about newly diagnosed HIV or an unusual turn of events with old HIV cases. furthermore, the Chicago Department of Public health ( CDPH) through it monitoring programs is able identify threats, determine which health care services is need by a community and the target population. For example in the month of November their target segments were gays and bisexual African American men, because both groups were disproportionately impacted by the HIV outbreak during the previous summer,

Interdisciplinary collaboration in health care is a critical value for successful outcome and maintenance of community health care and wellness. Community has raised the ethical concern of potential interference of private rights in mandatory AIDS or TB testing. The community leadership has instituted the voluntary testing and screening for AIDS as part of the health care strategy. Through research and analysis, the ethical and legal justification have been sufficiently supported the mandatory screening of “latent infection” (p.135, Bayer, year) Furthermore, contact tracing has provided surveillance program that may prevent in further spreading of the sexually transmitted disease or tuberculosis under the protection of privacy and confidential

There are three main HIV reporting systems which physician are required to use in making a report, name based reporting, code based reporting and name to code reporting. However, physicians and laboratories in the United States are required to report to local and health departments using the reporting system, although the requirements differ among states. As a matter of fact, reporting and notification helps in informing individuals about the possible risk of being HIV positive, receive HIV counseling and testing, and most importantly help them get appropriate medical care. Although individuals may be discouraged from undergoing testing if they know someone will notify their contacts. Similarly, some individuals threaten to discontinue the course of treatments if their status is revealed to

In Pennsylvania, health care organizations, social service providers, and clinical laboratories are require to report those patients with HIV/AIDS to the local health department. The local health department is required to keep this information confidential. The importance of