Surveillance Systems And Studies That Should Be Prioritized By The Cdc

Throughout the history, influenza viruses have caused several pandemics or global epidemics, killing many people. For example, the influenza strike in 1918 to 1919 infected an estimated 500 million people worldwide, which is one-third of the planet’s population at the time and killed an estimated 20 million to 50 million people. More than 25 percentage of the U.S. population were affected, and caused 675,000 deaths in U.S during the pandemic.(History, 2015). There were no effective treatments for this type of influenza and no available vaccines can prevent its spread during the period. (History, 2015) U.S government required general population to wear masks and other protective equipments in public areas, and many public places also closed due to the influenza strike. Health care providers tried everything they knew to save people, but none shows any evidence of effects. (National Center for Biotechnology Information [NCBI], 2015). Scientists found out that the influenza virus had invaded their lungs and caused pneumonia, which made so many people died from the pandemic (History,2015). Another influenza strike happened

John M. Barry has written award winning books including the Influenza pandemic of 1918, and the great Mississippi flood. Being invited by 2 presidential administrations, Bush and Obama, to advise on preparedness for pandemics and pandemic response. Having also advised on state, federal, UN and world health organizations on influenza, water disasters, risk communication and crisis management Barry is more than qualified to talk about such a topic considering his past of assisting the world with disaster prevention and response.

Communication is essential between health care facilities and the CDC. For example, the facilities experience an emergency and follow certain quarantine protocols and alert the local public health department and the CDC. The CDC organizes secure transmission tactics to merge and notify public health officials at local, state, and federal levels. The institute deploys scientific and logistical proficiency, personnel, and vital medical resources to the area of the emergency. The CDC (2012) explains the implementation of the essential medical assets for protection of communities in the state of an emergency:

There are a lot of governmental bodies that regulate social and economic businesses and have a lot impact on agencies with their rules, laws, and regulations. One of the given industries that impacts or societal and health in a lot of ways would be the The Centers for Disease Control. This regulatory agency would fall under Public Health and The Occupational safety and Health Department.

been created and tasked with thinking ahead to the next pandemic threat to the great state of

Avian influenza is a disease that has been wreaking havoc on human populations since the 16th century. With the recent outbreak in 1997 of a new H5N1 avian flu subtype, the world has begun preparing for a pandemic by looking upon its past affects. In the 20th Century, the world witnessed three pandemics in the years of 1918, 1957, and 1968. In 1918 no vaccine, antibiotic, or clear recognition of the disease was known. Killing over 40 million in less than a year, the H1N1 strain ingrained a deep and lasting fear of the virus throughout the world. Though 1957 and 1968 brought on milder pandemics, they still killed an estimated 3 million people and presented a new

The objective of the core public health is to educate, and prevent disease within communities. In this particular case, the public health nurses can use an inoculation program to prevent the new strain of influenza. The syndromic surveillance system is public health data would use to determine the need for this program. The syndromic surveillance system is a computer system that is used to control all information sources that concerns public health, and early detection of the infectious CDC) disease (McGonigle, 2014, Pg.302). The Public health data can be found at the center for disease control In order for this program to be successful, we need to collect data from ambulance log sheets, school or work absenteeism, prescriptions filled, retail

"Disease surveillance is "the ongoing systemic collection, analysis, interpretation and dissemination of specific health data for use in public health" (Lee et al, 2010; Webster's 2008)" (Stanhope& Lancaster, 2014, p. 267). Disease surveillance helps create knowledge of outbreak patterns such as timing, vulnerable populations, and geographic distribution. Reduced morbidity and mortality and improved health are accomplished by observing disease trends by surveillance measures. Surveillance is just not about reducing the spread of infectious disease. Furthermore, it involves monitoring chronic diseases, environmental/occupational exposures, and personal health behaviors. The nurse's "surveillance includes public health surveys on environmental factors such as water pollution,

Influenza is a highly contagious disease which can spread across the population by the body secretions which contain the active influenza virus (Collignon & Carnie, 2006). It poses serious threats to the society as it promotes fear, anxiety, and discrimination, and consequently causes destruction to the normal function of the society (Selgelid, 2009). Unless people develop immunity against the influenza virus (Collignon & Carnie, 2006), an influenza pandemic will remain a global emergency as extremely high number of people all over the world will require care at the same time (Kotalik, 2005). Since the global impact of pandemic varies across history, prediction regarding the magnitude of impact will often be overestimated or underestimated

There are several steps involved in the management of an outbreak. Once an outbreak situation is determined, management begins with verifying the diagnosis and creating a case definition (CDC, 2006). Information is recorded once cases are found. This information includes organizing the data and summarizing it in regards to who was infected, when the illness started, and where they might have been exposed (Macha & McDough). Hypothesis are created, evaluated and tested. Next, the lab evidence must be compared and reconciled. According to Principles of Epidemiology in Public Health Practice

Notable for being the cause of some of history’s most infamous pandemics, the influenza virus was, until the emergence of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) several decades ago, the virus that was the most studied of all viruses (Potter, 2001). Furthermore, in 2015 the National Risk Register classified an influenza pandemic as the greatest risk to the security of the United Kingdom (UK) based on the likelihood of occurrence and its predicted impact (UK Cabinet Office, 2015). The devastating influenza pandemic of 1918/19 is estimated to have infected half of the global population with a mortality in the region of 40-50

Not too long ago, on May 23, 2014, a fatal disease called H5N1 was announced broken out by the CDC (The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). This disease was accidentally cross-contaminated with another and the low pathogenic disease spread. In the article, the author tries to inform us how the CDC is trying to stop this horrible virus and how to inform us about crucial laboratory safety issues on how this flu was even created in the first place! For example, the author stated many quotes from CDC officers like Dr. Michael. Even though students and teachers were aware of this breakout, they still had roles to play to keep this virus from spreading majorly. In order to prevent catching the disease, they could have washed their hands

This paper defines and explains the six core functions of epidemiology: Public health surveillance, field investigation, analytic studies, evaluations, linkages, and policy development. The core functions of epidemiology lay down a foundation on which epidemiologists can begin to work from. This paper will look at the benefits of incorporating all six of these functions into a working plan when health officials, medical personnel, first responders, etc., encounter a disease or illness that needs to be identified, treated and contained.

The world has experienced a total of four pandemics within the twentieth century. These pandemics, as horrific and deadly as they are, have brought so much more positive advances to our health care system and how we prepare for biological threats. Although we are in the twenty-first century and we have advanced so far in healthcare, there is still the possibility of a deadly pandemic.

Over the past few decades, the significance, magnitude and consequence of risk management and communication have been brought before the world over and over again in a number of situations related to health, terrorist activities, natural disasters etc. When one turns the pages of history, it is rather obvious that lack of planning and absence of resources due to unpreparedness makes it difficult for the concerned authorities to manage an emergency or epidemic a problematic and traumatic task. The chaotic situations can turn out to be more nerve-racking and tense when preparations are not made before hand (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 2002).