Survey On Digital Image Watermarking Techniques

Thus steganography is said to be a covert communication. In contrast to Cryptography, where the enemy is allowed to detect, intercept and modify messages without being able to violate certain security premises guaranteed by a cryptosystem, the goal of Steganography is to hide messages inside other harmless messages in a way that does not allow any enemy to even detect that there is a presence of second message [1]. Both steganography and cryptography are meant for secret communication but the approach is different. Hiding of secret message using steganography can be done in different forms like text steganography, image steganography, audio steganography and video steganography. Encoding secret messages in audio is the most challenging task while using steganography because human auditory system (HAS) is more perceptive than human visual system (HVS) [5]. Thus audio file is used as a cover file to hide secret data and it is called audio steganography. In Audio steganography, secret message is embedded into digitized audio signal which results into altering the binary sequence of corresponding audio file. There are several methods are available for audio

Suppose that v(x)= v1x + v2x 2+ … + vn-1xn-1 is host image and modify in the host image bits after insert watermark image results in the following watermarked image:

Multimedia content is also in collaboration with Encryption & Decryption standards (CBR).The below paper is the general

Information security is a major concept in today’s industrial and computer era, so security must be higher to protect the confidential data. Information security plays major role in computer and network security with the use of different cryptography algorithms that includes the encryption and decryption of data with the uses of the algorithm and the key. By means of text or numerical key for the encryption can be dangerous because with the several hack attacks that a key can be broken. So I have proposed a new mechanism that will replace the text key with the image pixels and can gain high security which cannot be easy to break without prior knowledge.

For digital forensic investigators, the availability of anti-forensic tools is becoming a formidable challenge. Digital forensics has garnered much attention over the last decade despite, being a comparatively an emerging area. This awareness has been created by the amount of data processed by a computer, which is an essential technique of obtaining incriminating information. For digital evidence to be considered lawful and valid, investigators must know and use its relevance where the proof must be complete, accurate, and reliable. The research on the countermeasures of forensic activity has not garnered much attention. Although the study of cryptography is considered a substance of anti-forensic in itself, it is not so labeled in the

Steganography has been around since 1980’s. Various tools and software’s are available for Steganography as well as Steganalysis. The most common form of steganography is on digital images. For digital images there exist many steganographic techniques and furthermore there exist a lot of approaches to detect steganography in digital images. In this paper we will be looking at many tools comprising from various digital domains but we fund that almost all of the tools had support for image files. With the increasing number of new steganographic algorithms and methods for detecting steganography, the issue of comparing security of steganographic schemes in a fair manner is of the most importance. A fair benchmark for steganography should only

Since from the earlier times, people are bothered about how to securely transmit secret messages. Both Cryptographic techniques and steganographic techniques are used to achieve this aim. In cryptography, the existence of the encrypted message is visible to the world, whereas in Steganography, only the sender and the receiver know the existence of the message. Darrel Hankerson, Alfred Menezes, and Scott Vanstone explained the various arithmetic behind elliptic curves and addresses some issues that arise in ECC implementation in detail [1]. Lawrence C. Washington provides an introduction to both the number theoretic and the cryptographic sides of elliptic curves. To securely transfer text and image through the network, various techniques have been developed in recent years using Elliptic Curve Cryptography [2]. S. Maria Celestin Vigila and K. Muneeswaran proposed an image encryption algorithm using ECC. They generated the values of k and nB by a random number generator, Comparative Linear Congruential Generator (CLCG) to give credibility [3]. Ali Soleymani, Md Jan Nordin, and Zulkarnain Md Ali creates a mapping table which has the intensity values ranging from 0 to 255 along the row and the corresponding columns of each row contain the elliptic curve coordinates. All the pixels of an image are mapped to related points on the elliptic curve using the table and encryption is done using receiver’s public key. To view the cipher image, we refer to the mapping table and find the

Abstract. The growth of internet coupled with the rise in networked infrastructure has resulted in exponential increase in the multimedia content being shared over the communication networks. The advancement in technology has resulted in increase in multimedia piracy. This is due to the fact that it is very easy to copy, duplicate and distributes multimedia content using current day technology. In such a scenario Digital Rights Management is one of the prominent issues to be dealt with and tremendous work is going on in this direction round the globe. Digital watermarking and fingerprinting have emerged as fundamental technologies to cater to DRM issues. These technologies have been found to be of prominent use in content authentication, copy protection, copyright control, broadcast monitoring and forensic applications. Various requirements of a digital watermarking system include Imperceptibility, Robustness, Security, Payload and Computational complexity. The main requirement of real time DRM systems is lesser computational complexity and high robustness. This chapter proposes and analyses a robust and computational efficient Image watermarking technique in spatial domain based on Inter Block Pixel Difference (IBPD). The cover image is divided into 8×8 non overlapping blocks and difference between intensities of two pixels of adjacent blocks at predefined positions is calculated. Depending upon the watermark bit to be embedded; both the pixels are modified to bring the

Steganography is the art of secret communication. Its purpose is to hide the very presence of communication as opposed to cryptography whose goal is to make communication unintelligible to those who do not possess the right keys. Digital images, videos, sound files, and other computer files that contain perceptually irrelevant or redundant information can be used as “covers” or carriers to hide secret messages. After embedding a secret message into the cover-image, a so-called stego-image is obtained. It is important that the

Research in the field of watermarking is flourishing providing techniques to protect copyright of intellectual property. Among the

In [1] the existing system focuses on the data securityapproach when combined with encryption and steganographic techniques for secret communication by hiding it inside the multimedia files. The high results are achieved by providing the security to data before transmitting it over the internet. The files such as images, audio, video contains collection of bits

Bagheri, M. et al, in 2010, the authors delineate the protection of digital pictures entices far attention recently. For pictures the makeover can be requested at two levels, the early one consists of the pixel worth

Biometric systems are used for recognising a user on the basis of biometric traits he have. During authentication some of the frequently asked questions are “Is he who he claims to be?”, “Is he a valid user for gaining access to the system?”. Biometric system answers all these questions by authenticating the users. Every second information is shared and transferred between people and it is important to make sure that what is sent by sender is what received by the receiver thus raising the demand of security. Steganography is one of the techniques used for securing the data. The secret message is hidden inside a cover media like audio, video or image with the help of a secret key. Biometric templates can also be secured with this technique. Instead of storing original templates in the database stego-image is stored. LSB is one of the common techniques that replace the LSB of every pixel of the cover image with the secret message to form stego-image.

The main goal of using the Image encryption is to avoid drawing attention to the transmission of hidden information. Storing the critical data in its original format is subjective to many risks. The embedding algorithm is used to embed the secret information in the image selected. Hashing is used to secure the sensitive information.

DIGITAL image watermarking has become a necessity in many applications such as data authentication, broadcast monitoring on the Internet and ownership identification. Various watermarking schemes have been proposed to protect the copyright information. There are three indispensable, yet contrasting requirements for a