Survivability Of Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis : An Analysis

The colonies were smooth, translucent, and had a white brownish color. The Gram stain resulted in Gram positive cocci. After the Gram stain was completed, the bacteria were streaked on a Mannitol-Salt Agar plate and a Catalase test was performed. After these test were completed a Phenol Red Dextrose Fermentation tube was inoculated, and a SIM Tube inoculated.

Often scientists work with bacteria that do not come in a labeled test tube— for example, bacterial samples taken from infected human tissue or from the soil—and the scientist must then identify the unknown microorganism in order to understand what behavior to expect from the organism, for example, a certain type of infection or antibiotic resistance. However, because of the relatively few forms of bacteria compared to animals and because of the lack of bacterial fossil records due to their asexually reproductive nature, the taxonomy used to classify animals cannot be applied to bacteria (Brown 275). In order to classify unknown bacteria, a variety of physiological and metabolic tests are available to narrow a sample down from the fathomless number of possibilities into a more manageable range. Once these tests have been performed, the researcher can consult Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, a systematically arranged and continually updated collection of all known bacteria based on their structure, metabolism, and other attributes.

During the purification section of this lab, the LB/amp/ara agar plate was examined for well-isolated green colonies and the LB/amp plate was observed for white colonies with space between each other. These colonies were circled on the outside of the plates using a marker. Next, two 15 milliliter culture tubes containing 2 milliliters of nutrient growth media were obtained and labeled “+” and “-“. Using a new inoculation tube, the circled colonies from each plate were scooped out and immersed in their respective culture tubes. Once the bacteria was mixed into the solution, the tubes were sealed and placed horizontally into the 32⁰ incubator for 24 hours.

Prokaryotes are ubiquitous, successfully adapting to diverse environments as well as developing symbiotic relationships with host organisms (Lengeler, Drews, & Schlegel, 1999). Prokaryotes may have both autotrophic and heterotrophic characteristics. A cyanobacteria is photosynthetic, commonly called blue-green algae, and may produce toxins (Crayton, 1993). Bacteria are most commonly associated in the general

Figure 3. The isolated colonies from figure 2 are viewed under the microscope at the 100x objective after gram staining. In this figure, you can see both gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms. The gram-negative are the Rhodospirillaceae and they are pink rod-shaped bacteria. The

The best and most accurate way of identifying an unknown microorganism is by sequencing its DNA, but this is very expensive and only used in highly qualified labs. So, the identification of unknown bacteria number 63 was be done by putting the bacteria through numerous laboratory tests. Microorganisms are different among each other by their macroscopic morphology, microscopic morphology, and the unique metabolic processes they use to survive and reproduce. Identifying an unknown microorganism in the laboratory is important because knowledge is gained on the appropriate way to cultivate an organism, how to correctly read the result of a test, and learning about the different characteristics of the bacteria. All of the following tests were done using the best sterile technique and the most new turbid bacterial growth subculture.

After the gram staining of the unknown bacteria, observation under oil immersion using a bright field microscope at 1000x of the shape, Arrangement, color and type of gram reaction of the microbes was

From last week’s test, we achieved pure cultural characteristics from the two slants we made. The growth we saw on the agar slant that contained the yellow specimen was a soft, smooth, yellow growth. The growth we saw on the beige specimen was a thin, even, beige growth. Both cultural characteristics were achieved in the appropriate categories. The categories we were looking for contained abundance of growth, pigmentation, optical characteristics, and consistency. Today we will be preparing two bacterial smears from each specimen and Gram staining them. The reason we are conducting this test is to differentiate between two principle groups, gram positive and gram negative and to further know if a pure culture from both organisms was achieved. This is important for classification and differentiation of microorganisms. The Gram stain reaction will help us tell the difference of the chemical composition of bacterial cell walls. The Gram stain procedure uses four different reagents such as crystal violet, gram’s iodine, ethyl alcohol, and safranin. Before the Gram stain is performed we must make two bacterial smears of the two specimens. We placed one loop of distilled water on a clean slide aseptically. He transferred the specimen from the agar slant that contained the yellow growth and placed it on the slide with the water and gently mixed it together in a circular motion approximately the size of a nickel. He let the smear air dry for one minute and gently heat

When studying unknown bacterial organisms, microbiologists use a wide variety of techniques to observe the organism’s traits and classify it. Many genotypic and phenotypic methods exist that aid in the identification of known bacteria, the characterization of unknown bacteria, as well as the comparison between new findings and

Characteristics of F. tularensis’ next taxonomic rank, as part of the Phylum Proteobacteria, characterize it as a Gram-negative bacterium. When gram-stained, this microorganism appears as a reddish color under the microscope. This is mainly because Gram-negative bacteria have an inner

Amphibacillus xylanus has the capabilities to be both anaerobic and aerobic depending on the environmental setting (Niimura et al. 1990). The EI is an obligate aerobe and grown on a TSA agar plate. Amphibacillus can become aerobic when grown on a TSA plate (Niimura and Suzuki 2015). Both the EI and Amphibacillus xylanus were negative for oxidase and catalase test (Table 4). The indicating factor for this species is its habitat. The EI and A. xylanus were each isolated from the soil (Table 4). This trait sets this species apart from the rest considering the other two species were from aquatic environments. A. xylanus motility indicated a difference from the EI. The EI was shown to have no motility and A. xylanus does have motility. Depending

The bacteria that was contained within Unknown tube #12 is believed to be Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Figure 1. The bacteria tested to be Gram Stain negative, producing a pink, red color retained from the staining process. When the species of bacteria was plated on nutrient media, the cells produced an irregular and spreading configuration as shown in Figure 2. This same plating test provided the margins and elevation, lobate and hilly, respectively. The specimen was stabbed in a Fluid Thioglycollate Medium (FTM) tube using an inoculated loop of the bacteria. The results of this experimentation indicate the type of oxygen requirement of the bacteria. The test found the bacteria to be aerobic as colonies of the bacteria began to form along the top of the FTM tube (Manual 2017).

Bacillus aminovorans is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped species of bacteria. Samples of this species have been isolated from dust above the Atlantic Ocean. Though phenotypically similar to the species Sporosarcina globispora (formerly Bacillus globisporus), Bacillus marinus, and Bacillus insolitus, B. aminovorans is the only one of these species capable of using sucrose as a sole carbon

This contains sugars such as glucose, galactose, mannose, fructose, rhamnose, N-acetylglucosamine and others. The fifth step is that the slime layer of EPS and bacteria entraps particulate materials such as clay, organic materials, dead cells, and precipitated minerals, adding to the diverse biofilm. The final and continuous step is when other organisms attach to the biofilms.

The genus Dehalococcoides was originally discovered in 1997 with the discovery of Dehalococcoides ethenogenes (later renamed Dehalococcoides mccartyi Loffler et al. 2013). It was identified at Cornell University by Maymo-Gatell et al. (1997). The original source for Dehalococcoides spp. was an anaerobic sewage digester. Later studies revealed the original source to be from groundwater sites contaminated with chlorinated solvents (Seshadri et al. 2005). Dehalococcoides mccartyi was originally referred to as strain 195, it has the capability to fully dechlorinate chlorinated solvents like perchloroethylene (PCE) to ethene under anaerobic conditions. At the time, no species had been found that could accomplish the complete transformation to ethene (Maymo-Gatell et al. 1997). The cell wall for Dehalococcoides mccartyi