Survivorship Report

Notes: The blue dots are pre1900 and the orange dots are post 1900s. The data suggests that the pre-has a better chance of survival at a younger age but around 40 the post 1900 males start to increase and has a much higher survivorship rate than the per- 1900 males.

Eberstadt introduces a number of statistics to support the fact that the mortality rate is higher than the birth rate (Eberstadt, 2009). He then follows those statistics with evidence to substantiate the fact that the mortality rate is much worse for males than for females (Eberstadt, 2009). In fact, the mortality rate for males is such that only fifty percent of males born today have a fifty-fifty chance of surviving to the retirement age of sixty five (Eberstadt, 2009). Further, Eberstadt asserts that the reason for this astonishing fact is because men in this age bracket

The cohort component approach has three main components: births, deaths, and migration. The cohort component model uses these three components to move age/sex cohorts forward through time, creating a new age/sex distribution at each five-year time point. The success of the model depends on identifying appropriate fertility, mortality, and migration rates to apply to different age

In their study on the trends in county mortality and cross-county mortality disparities in the United States, Ezzati et al. found out that there have been huge variations in the mortality patterns over time. The mortality declined significantly for both sexes specifically due to decreases in cardiovascular mortalities, which included stroke and heart disease. The researchers found that the overall life expectancy in the United States increased from 74 to 80 years for women while that of men increased from 67 to 74 years of age. Further, from 1961 to 1983, the differences in death rates among or across different counties fell. There was a decline or stagnation in mortality among 19 percent of female and 4 percent of male population. Men lived 9.0 years longer in the

Between 2000 and 2050, the number of ageing population will increase by 135% During this time period, the proportion of the population that is over the age of 65 will increase from 12.7% in

The Australian population is showing an increase each year from previous years. The natural increase of births minus deaths is on the rise and can be contributed to the nations advancement of healthcare technology increasing life expectancy and lower infant mortality and a decrease in fertility rates, mean we as a nation are living longer (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2011). Life expectancy rates have also risen due to the

The majority of developed nations have experienced several profound demographic changes over the last century—notably, an important decline in fertility rates paired with a substantial reduction of mortality, due in part to the changing nature of leading causes of death. In Canada, the total fertility rate was 3.5 children per woman in 1921 and fell to 1.61 in 2011 (Wadhera and Strachan 1993a; Statis- tics Canada 2013a). Life expectancy at birth for both sexes combined rose, from 57.0 years in 1921 to 81.7 in 2011 (Canadian Human Mortality Database 2014). Migration has also become an increasingly important contributor to population growth over this time period. Whereas less than 25 per cent of the Canadian population growth was due to migratory

For the past two decades a shifting pattern of diseases and health care service has been observed globally as population increase. Epidemiological transition also known as demographic transition, is a model that is used to explain how population growth rates increase and decrease with respect to time and different factors that account into it such as infectious disease, chronic disease and industrialization. “Conceptually, the theory of epidemiologic transition focuses on the complex change in patterns of health and disease and on the interactions between these patterns and their demographic, economic and sociologic determinants and consequences” (Omran, 2005). This model describes the changing patterns of population distributions in four stages: Age of pestile and famine, age of declining pandemic, age of degenerative and man-made diseases, and postindustrial age.

Statistics will now be given to highlight differences in mortality and morbidity for various groups with respect to different diseases and health risk factors.

Many elements influence population and its future growth, and thus affect life tables. These include, but are not limited to: birth, death, environment, habits, and socioeconomic status. It is necessary to monitor changes in these factors, especially birth rate and death rate,

Cancer survivors are predisposed to experiencing issues in the areas of physical, psychological, social and spiritual due to the cancer disease process and cancer treatments (Mullen & Mistry, 2018, p.337). Common physical issues include fatigue, dysphagia and pain (Sugerman, 2013, p.218). Fatigue is an issue experienced by majority of cancer survivors (Mullen & Mistry, 2018, p.339). Mullen and Mistry (2018, p.339) state that it is important to perform a thorough assessment in order determine the cause of fatigue as fatigue can also be caused by other comorbidities including heart fatigue, hypothyroidism, hormone imbalances and/ or sleep disturbances. Nonpharmacologic treatment for fatigue includes participating in regular exercise, yoga, meditation and massage therapy (Kantor & Suzan, 2016, p.305). Pharmacologic interventions include steroids, epoetin alfa and methylphenidate (Kantor & Suzan, 2016, p.305). Additionally, in order to alleviate the impact of dysphagia, it would be beneficial for John to have a review with a dietitian as a dietitian will accurately assess the nutritional needs of John and

The current age composition of the United States population according to the 2010 Census was 308.7 million people on April 1, 2010. There is an increase of 9.7 % since 2000. The data shows that the male population grew 9.9%, which is more rapidly than the female population, which was 9.5%. Out of 308.7 million people, 151.8 were male and 157 million were female. People under the age of 18 were 112.8; people of age 45-64 were 81.5 million. The 40.3 million people of the 308.7 were age 65 and over (Howden, Meyer, 2011).

•    Trace and analyze the changes and continuities in global demographics from 8000 BCE through 1900 CE.  Be sure to address what global processes affected it throughout that time.

Over the years, there have been major shifts within the United States in regards to its population. Statisticians have estimated that 20% of the population will be 65 years of age and older. There is an even

Demography is the study of the components of population variation and change. Death rate and birth rate are two determinants of population change. Theory of Demographic Transition is comparatively recent theory that has been accepted by several scholars throughout the world. This theory embraces the observation that all countries in the world go through different stages in the growth of population. A nation's economy and level of development is directly related to that nation's birth and death rates. Population history can be divided into different stages. Some of the scholars have divided it into three and some scholars have divided it into five stages. These stages or classifications demonstrate a