Sustainable Concrete Technology

Ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) represents a major progress step over normal strength concrete (NSC) and high strength concrete (HSC), through the achievement of very high strength and very low permeability. Basically, the UHPC is a concrete with compressive strength ranging 120 to 400 MPa, this “ultra” high strength is achieved through different techniques including the use of improved materials, ultra-fine pozzolans (e.g. silica fume), low water-cement ratio, improved quality and higher dosage of superplasticizer, use of fibers (metallic or synthetic) to increase the energy absorption capacity and decrease brittleness, high cementitious materials content, longer mixing time and heat treatment [1]. UHPC tensile strength varies from 10 to 30 MPa; and the modulus of elasticity is in the range of 60 – 100 GPa [2].

On the other hand, there are concerns that come with conductive concrete. Those concerns are about the economic feasibility and environmental impact of the application of conductive concrete. When it comes to environmental impact, conductive concrete would only be positive. It eliminates the need for traditional methods of deicing, such as plowing, natural melting, traffic movement and chemical treatment. The traditional methods also have a negative impact on their surroundings, “Applying chemical

Foam concrete does not produce any toxic substances and in its ecological compatibility is second only to wood.

Abstract. Considerable network of transportation infrastructures such as highways, rails, and so forth are key providers to economic growth and productivity of countries. Consecutively, Reinforced Concrete (RC) is the predominant construction materials in constructing many of these infrastructures. RC is a unique construction material which allows flexible design layouts and offers safe bending and torsion to satisfy design requirements. However, being exposed to harsh environment and contamination such as salts, acid rain, distilled water, carbonation, sulphur and so on are the reasons for deterioration, thus significantly impacting the performance of these structures. Furthermore, the deterioration of these structures is not only a

Concrete is one of the essential component of public infrastructure and most buildings. It can only be more effective if we used reinforcement with it, because tensile strength without reinforcement is very low. It usually get cracked with time as it is brittle in property. There are some more causes of these cracks are shrinkage, inadequate water for hydration… etc. these cracks causes reinforcement exposes to atmosphere now reinforcement come into contact of O2 & H2O. That can cause corrosion which results in weaken of structure. That being said concrete is a high maintenance material. Concrete cracks and suffer wear and tear. Concrete is not as much flexible that it can handle significant amount of strain.

Concrete is one of the oldest and durable composite materials in building and construction engineering. Its importance cannot be overestimated. However, some of its traditional aggregates release a lot of carbon dioxide to the environment during production. In broadening the use of concrete as internal household design like countertops, exploiting the potentials of crushed waste glass as a substitute for the carbon dioxide emitting aggregate is reasonable step towards a greener and healthy environment.

The report will mainly focus on the differences between reinforced, prestressed and partially stressed concrete. These concrete reinforcing methods differ in the period they have been used. Reinforced concrete was developed by a nursery owner in Paris in 1867, Joseph Monier, applying it to practical use for the first time (Salmon & Wang, 2007). Prestressed concrete’s discovery dates back to the late 1800’s. Freyssinet was one of the first engineers who used this method and realised that, for this method, high quality concrete with very high tensile steel wires, stressed as high as possible was needed (Chris Burgoyne, 2005).

The properties of the concrete develop as a result of hydration: the exothermic reactions between water and cement and the interaction with the pozzoloniccementitious components in the mixture (Nawy, 2001). Also the properties of the concrete depend on the mix proportions and the placing and

Reinforced concrete is one of the most important available materials for construction in Egypt and all over the world. It is used in almost all structures as: buildings, shells, bridges, tunnels, tanks and retaining walls. Concrete is made by mixing binding materials as sand and gravel held together with a paste of cement and water. The used of admixture is to change certain characteristic of concrete such as workability, durability and time of hardening. Some of concrete advantages are its high compressive strength, its ability to cast in almost any desired shape, its economical and fire resistance. Low tensile strength, low ductility and cracking consider one of its disadvantages. Regardless of this disadvantages, concrete still the materials of choice in construction.

At present, the number of construction waste has accounted for 30% to 40% of the total municipal solid waste. The vast majority of construction waste without any treatment, it was using open dumps or landfill processing manner, causing serious environmental pollution. According to Wang (2014) mixed waste Concrete as the most important part of the construction waste, by estimating the amount of waste in 2003, China has reached 180 million tons of concrete. It has caused a great negative environment impact. At the same time, concrete production requires a lot of sand and gravel aggregate, as natural Gravel continuous exploitation of natural aggregate resources will also become exhausted, in addition, the exploitation cost astonishing transportation fees and power , it will also cause ecological environment experienced a serious damage. However, Make full use of recycled aggregate concrete, not only can effectively reduce the amount of construction waste, but also reducing the damage of construction waste pollution to the natural environment, while taking advantage of waste aggregate manufacturing recycled aggregate concrete can reduce the exploitation of natural aggregate, reaching the aim of sustainable environment development. However, due to there are some technical limitation, the implementation of using recycled concrete cannot be popularized into the civil engineering. For example, on the performance of durability, frost-resistance, and water absorption existed

Concrete is known as a construction material which is widely used throughout the entire world. According to the research, concrete contains Portland cement and it is an essential element to concrete (Naik and Moriconi, 2010). This essential element is capable of releasing carbon dioxide significantly. As carbon dioxide is known to be a green house gas, hence it can be said that this type of concrete is damaging the environment. In order to save the environment a new technology is made by which eco – friendly concrete can be made. Such concretes are made of the concrete wastes that are known to be eco – friendly; therefore, the concrete is also eco – friendly. This type of concrete is also known as green

Reinforced concrete is a very strong, fire resistant and insulating product which does not require an enormous amount of skill and time to construct due the fact that it is pre-cast. This is because the members of the

Cement is the binding material that holds the concrete together, and is therefore a basic need for every construction involving concrete or biding of basic blocks like bricks. Also concrete is the second most consumed material after water, with nearly 3 tonnes used annually for each person in world.

Concrete as is well known is a heterogeneous mix of cement, water and aggregates. The admixtures may be added in concrete in order to enhance some of the properties desired specially. In its simplest form, concrete is a mixture of paste and aggregates. Various materials are added such as fly ash, rice husk, and admixture to obtain concrete of desired property. The character of the concrete is determined by quality of the paste. The key to achieving a strong, durable concrete rests in the careful proportioning, mixing and compacting of the ingredients.

OPC based concrete continues to be one of the most dominant construction materials for use in any type of civil engineering structures due to its easiness in construction, its satisfactory performance in strength requirements, better durability in normal environment, when compared with other construction materials like steel, timber etc. But at the same time it possesses some problems. First one is environmental pollution and intensive energy