Sustainable Drainage For Highways Infrastructure

Site drainage management is a very important part of the design of footing system. It is because the site drainage could influence the success of the footing system, the maintenance of the site drainage influencing the economic life of the building and the site drainage plan is required to be documented (AS2870, 2011). In the AS2870, there is a detailed drainage requirement helping owner-builders to know how to manage drainage and the several factors influencing the site drainage.

Being the fourth largest metropolitan city in the United States and the largest city of Texas, Houston is subject to a mighty amount of traffic that affects its roadways. As one would suspect, these roadways are constantly deteriorating due to this severe usage, but this problem isn’t being addressed proportionately. The Houstonians need improvements made towards roadways now to decrease traffic, provide an environment that is more safe, and reduce the above average financial costs to operate their vehicles in Houston compared to other cities in the United States.

As you can see, road salt is effective but has its negative points. Not only can it harm aquatic life and bodies of water, but also roads, bridges, soil and vegetation. The questions here are, are the benefits of using 5 million tonnes a year of salt worth all of the negative aspects it brings.

Although some individuals and governmental bodies sway towards minimizing and controlling usage, some other groups believe it is best to eradicate the usage of road salt altogether. Both of these are good suggestions and will definitely address the problem. However it is important to evaluate any suggestions and understand how the factors discussed above contribute to the increased use of road

Rain normally drains into the soil where it is naturally filtered as it works its way into the groundwater supply. Roads, driveways, and parking lots disrupt this process by covering the surface of the soil. Gravel is ideal for allowing rainwater to soak into the ground, but it is not a good surface for a commercial parking lot. Porous asphalt is the best solution since it has an attractive appearance, allows for water drainage, and has a surface that can be marked with parking spaces.

The Rothwell roundabout are known to have drainage issues during storm season and can potentially delay construction work access to Anzac Avenue

It is compulsory to build drains which discharge into the storm water drainage system required by the council’s point of discharge area. Drainage of this type, i.e. surface water, is not permitted to flow into sewerage

Through an online website by the name of GIZMODO, I learned the reason why American roads are often riddled with potholes. When freshly paved roads are not perfectly sealed, there is an increased chance that water in one form or another will make its way beneath the asphalt; there it will stay, existing in a small gap between the pavement and the road’s base. Then, it’s only a matter of time before the driving of big trucks over the water pockets turn the spots into actual potholes.

For depressed curb inlets at a cross-slope of 2%, the experimental results seem to be greater than the empirical results from both theoretical methods except for curb inlet A. Curb inlets B and D have longer upstream transitional lengths than A which means that they intercept more flows than A. It was observed that more flow is intercepted at a lower road cross-sectional slope

Wetland Construction for Water Treatment The environmental issue this paper will address is water pollution in our rivers and other waterways. More specifically the pollution that occurs from storm runoff. There are 772 combined sewer systems in the United States. Combined sewer systems are sewers that transport storm water and industrial/municipal waste water to publicly owned treatment plants through the same pipe. During rainy weather, the combined runoff and sewage flows can exceed the limits of

Pavement-management systems (PMS) can work effectively only when they are constructed by organically combining all activities concerned with road pavement (planning, design, construction, maintenance, rehabilitation, evaluation, economic analysis, and research) and the data bank [1]. Then, the most important items are the establishment of a serviceability index, which represents pavement quality, and a prediction of performance, which is represented by the relation between time (and/or traffic) and the index. Pavement quality consists of two primary factors: riding quality and skid resistance. The factors influencing riding quality are pavement distress and/or roughness. Three major factors of pavement distress are cracking, rutting, and

Throughout history, artists had many different motivations for creating what they did. Some created pieces with religious significance, while others used art as an emotional outlet. The twentieth century carried in a period of artists with new ideas and intentions. Two twentieth century movements, Bauhaus and Minimalism, were not created to be symbolic or emotionally stirring as much of the art of the past had been. Instead, they were movements focused on functionality and simplicity. They disregarded the complex, realistic styles that had been popular throughout history and exchanged it with minimalistic styles. These movements ushered in a style that would heavily impact artists even today. Minimalism was followed very closely by Op Art and Conceptual art, both of which disregarded previous beliefs about what art was and its purpose. Op Art showcased illusions created with skillful tricks of line and shape. Conceptual art focused on idea, giving the concept more power than the actual execution. Despite their obvious visual differences, these four movements had quite a few similarities, including their disregard for the methods and mindset of classical art as well as their extreme simplicities. All of these movements have heavily influenced today’s modern art and built upon one another over time.

Storm sewers drain excess rain and groundwater from manmade infrastructure like roads and parking lots. Sometimes the water may be processed to remove stuff like car oil, but for the most part, they get less treatment than sanitary sewers or sometimes none at all[5].

Main problem on the road of Gwalior is encroachment of roads by shopkeepers and hawkers. This leads to reduction in road width and create vehicular traffic congestion and results in large number of noise pollution. This creates the narrow width of roads which are responsible for noise pollution. This is known as CANYON effect.

I feel that the contactors and engineers who were given the responsibility to plan and establish the drainage system in the City did not professionally carry out their work as they were expected. The drainage channels and pipes should also be frequently maintained to ensure that they don’t block. More dams in the city that would accommodate excess water when it rains should also be constructed. In addition, the water sensitive urban design should also be deployed to reduce the run-off in the city and allow filtration into the ground water. If all these measures are taken into place, then I strongly believe that the residents of this city will lead a comfortable life free of floods and water-borne diseases. The economic activities in the town are also expected to increase significantly if the drainage system is rectified and modified together with other conditions that accelerated incidence of floods in the