Sustainable Immunization Financing Case Study

In this area of study related to Childhood Vaccination, we will discuss about the major and key stakeholders. These major stakeholders, those influencing and shaping the debate are; Government and Legislators (Policy Makers), Parents, NGO’s and Lobby Groups. We can also find some least influential stakeholders which do not have as such influence on this issue but they are the one who are most “affected by” group in term of the issue is concerned. These are New-Parents/Future Parents and Children. In this part, we will try to find out the perspective of major stakeholders, their agreement and disagreement as far as issue is concerned, and also, is there any interaction between those stakeholder exist or not?

I was not aware that school nurses practice under so many different agencies at the same time.

Yes, during the vaccine crisis in 2003-2004, CDC acted promptly and recommended all healthcare facilities to immunize the high-risk group patients first. After that, CDC advised the entire public health department to work with their providers to develop a pandemic influenza plans. The key elements included in the plans are influenza surveillance, vaccination, antiviral drug use, communications, healthcare system response and it also addressed who should be in the priority group for receiving the vaccine.

Gerald Armond Gallego and Charlene Adelle Gallego were the first known husband and wife serial killers in the United States. Between the years of 1978 to 1980 in the city of Sacramento, California, the Gallegos killed ten young girls who were mostly teens - the youngest being thirteen years old. The Gallego couple would keep their victims as sex slaves before murdering them (Macleod, 2014). Certain models have attempted to explain the pathways that lead to dangerous offending, and the Knight and Sims-Knight Path Model suggests three personality traits that can indicate early signs of violent behavior. Battered Wife Syndrome is also used to explain women’s roles in criminal duos, and Gerald and Charlene are no exception to either of these models.

I am writing to inform you of my recommendations for the vaccine policy. New York State should require mandatory vaccinations by the state public health department for entry into public schools, with exemptions.

The framers of the Constitution predetermined that the Congress to be the foremost branch of the government. But not all the powers are enumerated in the Constitution, leaving some roof to the Supreme Court interpretation. Enumerated Powers, are the powers that are listed in the Constitution, which the Congress can hold to. Implied power is the last clause of the Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution. It states that Congress my pass any law that is “necessary and proper” in order to be able to “carry out its foregoing powers”. Banks are one of the examples in which the Congress used implied powers. In the case, McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) was held that the Second Bank of the United States is a “necessary and proper” action in order to regulate the fiscal policies and diminish the speculations maintained by other banks. Another example of implied power is the draft in the military and implied power to raise an army. The government reserves this right in order to be able to protect itself. Of course, it still has set up limits so the government does not abuse the system. The 3d Amendment protects people’s property from quartering soldiers. It states that the Third Amendment forbids the forcible housing of military personnel in a citizen’s home during peacetime and requires the process to be “prescribed by law” in times of war. (Legal Information Institute) A third example of the use of implied power is the Minimum Wage, this being also a “necessary and proper” action in

During every year everyone trembles in fear as a new and stronger strand of flu like sickness comes along. These viruses are met with vaccines that are swiftly made by the World Health Organization. The problem with the way that vaccines are made is, the World Health Organization not only makes the vaccines but also deems the vaccines safe. Since they are responsible for making and deeming the vaccines safe, mistakes can lead to mass deaths. For this reason there should be checks and balances where other agencies test the vaccines for potential threat of mental illness, dangerous ingredients, and death. This system is definitely due for an complete overhaul due to the lives of the families that are affected.

Sufficient data shows that vaccines has made a major improvement in decreasing suffering and death of infectious diseases and syndrome. And yet, despite the mounting evidence that reassure the safety and value of vaccination, public health continuous faces the dilemma over individual choice, autonomy and protection of the entire population at risk. Children in developing countries now have more access to vaccines, yet, the debate continue over the requirement, including mandates immunization during public health emergency and school-aged. This paper addresses the framework for policy and laws that are associated with immunization that protect our children from infectious diseases.

British Columbia’s (BC) publicly-funded immunization programme is supported by an effective and efficient evidence-based process for recommending new vaccines and for making adjustments to the existing programme.

If the bill had been passed, it would have provided residents sustained transparency, guaranteed parents the right to access vaccine reports that would keep them well informed, and assist them in making safe and appropriate decisions for their child (Texas H.B. 2249, 2017). On the other hand, as parents are opting out of their child receiving immunizations, conflicting values may arise. As vaccine exemption rates are rising, vaccine coverage levels are beginning to decline, putting the community in a predicament. When a high number of people within a population are immunized to a disease, it lessens the likelihood of the spread of disease also referred as herd immunity (Warren, 2017). Herd immunity threshold must be met in order to

Historically, there has always been some sort of controversy surrounding vaccines, not only in the general population, but within the medical community as well. Even before the Wakefield (1999) study, there have been questions raised regarding vaccines efficacy, safety, necessity, and policies. It would be a myopic, and wholly incorrect, view to believe that issues regarding vaccination only affect the United States, when they are truly global in nature. In recent years, the internet and social media have brought these issues to the forefront and given voice to a plethora of information and misinformation. The mandatory nature of vaccination policies, whether it be for school admission or travel to another country, and how global, federal, and local agencies should address these mandates versus the free will of people, has spurred much study and discussion, and is examined in the articles presented.

Immunizations have saved millions of lives over the last hundred years. Currently vaccination rates are at their highest in the United States. Most vaccinations are given during infancy through adolescents. Infants especially are more susceptible to infectious diseases; this being the reason it is so important to guard via immunization. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention immunizations help prevent disease from spreading and protect infants and toddlers against threatening difficulties of diseases such as polio and measles.(2004) Data compiled by the National Vaccine Information Center (NVIC) states that children today now receive as many as 49 doses of 14 vaccines before they reach age six, this is about 12

‘Herd immunity’ or ‘community immunity’ is a societal idea to protect those who are vulnerable to diseases (“Herd Immunity”). When access to vaccinations are limited, the ‘herd’ is more at risk to infection diseases. Since vaccinations were first used, in 1796, they have been a massive part of our history to prevent the spread of disease, been limited to wealthy countries, and those who are against them. Even today, access to vaccinations are very limited and continue to affect the population.

The use of accurate and timely information provides policy makers, political leaders, health planners, service providers, donors, technical experts and the general public with the knowledge to improve quality and address key challenges such as equity, integration and cost. Good data and the consequent information they provide address key obstacles that may limit access, delivery and the uptake of vaccines.

Every day about 6 million children are dying of infections and preventable diseases, but this could end with immunization (Child Survival Revolution Para 1). Parents and children in third world countries are the ones affected the most as they lose their friends, family, and children without immunization programs. Infants’ immune systems are not fully developed and are being exposed to infectious diseases in these third world countries. Third world countries’ populations are being affected by the pollution and diseases in their water and air (Third World Population Para 1). If your older brother or older sister had a disease that could be cured with immunizations this would bring a lot of attention. These immunization programs are a bigger deal than the human eye can see. Without them, there is trauma that affects the families who lose their children, there is no population stability in these third world countries, and there is no help being offered to them. Everyone needs a lending hand and when you have the resources that can be provided, then you should because this could save a life. The United States should