Switching Techniques Can Be Classified Based On Network Characteristics

In such kinds of optical networks, both the traffic passing by and ending at a node is converted from the optical domain to the electrical domain and switched electronically to an output port (including a port that can drop traffic locally). Following electronic switching, the traffic passing by a node is converted back to the optical domain before departing from the node. With the increase in data transmission rate, electrical switching and optical-electrical-optical (OEO) conversion result in a significant growth in complexity and cost for electronic devices. Therefore, reducing the burden placed on the underlying electronic devices in a node and removing electronic switching for traffic passing by a node became key factors in the development of second generation optical networks. The switching and processing of bits were, however, handled in the electronic domain as before.

Both circuit-switching and packet-switching are methods of data communication between two parties. In circuit switching, both parties agree on a specific path which the data will travel along while the connection is open using a resource optimization algorithm before the transmission begins. The route is used exclusively for the entire session and only released when the session is terminated.

Packet data switching is the way of dividing data into small chunks called pockets and treated each packet individually and then send to the destination.And then clubbing everything into the same original message.Packet

In order to accomplish each of the above tasks there can be various devices used for this purpose they are repeaters, bridges, switches, routers and gateway. Each of these devices will be discussed below along with their advantages, disadvantages and specifications.

Network on chip (NoC) is the most reasonable and efficient solution for connecting the numerous cores in a System-on-Chip(SoC). In conventional NoC architectures neighboring routers are connected via hard-wired unidirectional communication channels. Due to the uneven and unpredictable nature of traffic patterns in NoC, one channel might be overflowed due to heavy traffic in one direction where as the other unidirectional channel is idle, thus causing performance degradation, data loss and incompetent resource utilization. So as a cure for this problem, a bidirectional NoC (BiNoC) is used, which uses bidirectional channels to connect neighboring routers and it also supports runtime recomputation of channel direction according

Describe the three dedicated-circuit network architectures discussed in the textbook. Explain the strengths and weaknesses of each.

likened to the postal service, in which a message is relayed from point to point,

Computer network topology is an extension of basic topology. In this discipline we examine the configuration of computer system elements and their interconnections of network lattice. Physical network topology deals with the hardware components associated with the computer system including workstations, servers, remote terminals and the cabling associated with them. Logical network topology deals with representation of data flow between nodes which can be dynamically reconfigured once the selected network equipment such as router is available.

* Set of techniques that allows the simultaneous transmission of multiple signals across a single link

architectures may prevent these systems to meet the performance required by many applications. For systems with intensive parallel communicat-ion requirements buses may not provide the required bandwidth, latency, and power consumption. A solution for such a communication bottleneck is the use of an

Transmission of message by the process of encoding and decoding the message, which may result in

4.A paradigm for electronic communications where a message is broken up into blocks of data of limited size which are then transmitted one

A programmable and adaptable router is proposed which can be used in any design independent of the chosen interconnection network. A programmable lookup table is used by this router to map processor addresses to physical network routes. These lookup tables maintained in the router makes it easy to modify the network topology based on network failures, requests from the application algorithm and changing workloads.

In this report I will be outlining the features and functions of any interconnection devices that you might think of using. In the report I will include Network Interface Card, Router, Switch, Hubs, Gateway, Bridge and Wireless access points.

In Relay system, first transmitter sends the data to the relay node and information received by the relay node is forwarded to next node and finally to the destination receiver by following cooperation