Essay about Switzerland

Federalism is defined as the idea that power is divided by the Constitution between the national government and the state governments. Before this, governments were either confederacy or unitary models of government. A confederacy is when the member states make decisions, whereas in a unitary government the national government makes the decisions. That being said, federalism contains both unitary and confederacy governments. The Constitution, treaties and the federal laws are the supreme law of the land. Some powers, though, are delegated to the national government while others are reserved for the state governments. Still, other powers are concurrent, or shared, by both state and national governments. For example; Mexico has 31 states and 1 federal district the immigration laws are decided by the national government while many criminal laws are decided by the state government.

States must deal with each other and the national government and the Constitution outlines the obligations for each state for the other

The State Council is represented by the premier who is “Head of the government” CIA, vice-premiers, State councilors, ministers in charge of ministries and commissions, the auditor-general and the secretary-general.

The greatest disadvantage of federalism is that the roles of the federal government have been hard to define and even constrain. What will prevent the federal government from getting into state, even city affairs?

It is submitted that the need for greater levels of trust between levels of government to make federalism work is potentially made more challenging by the dynamic of our two-party system of government.(185)

At the most basic division, there are three main levels of governments in the United States; The Federal level, the State level, and the Local level. Each of these levels has their own legitimacy, their own authority/jurisdiction and most of the time has their own way wo working with or around the other levels though there is sometimes clashes. Let's start with Legitimacy first. The Constitution of the United States of America is the overarching document that gives legitimacy and the authority to govern to the various governments in the U.S, but specifically the Federal government. States in the United States also have their own constitutions that they draw legitimacy and authority from as well as specific regulations. The Constitution also act a the framework for what the different levels of government are authorized to do, thought the 14th amendment opened the floodgates on authority for the Federal government. But in a generalized sense, The federal government acts mostly in the areas of foreign policy, national defense and any endeavors that cross state jurisdictions in the U.S, particularly interstate commerce. State governments focus mostly on directly providing for and regulating goods and services within their state, along with distributing federal grant money and transferring money to local services. Local governments almost exclusively provide goods and services within their jurisdiction and utilize funds from both the federal and state levels. As per the U.S. Constitution the Federal government has the authority to; Lay and collect taxes, provide for the common defence, provide for the general welfare, borrow money, regulate commerce with foreign nations, Indian tribes, and between states, establish rules of Naturalization, coin money, constitute tribunals to the supreme court, establish post offices and post roads, deal with

The Queen, who is represented by the Governor General, is the head of state and the Prime Minister is the head of Government.

The leader of America is the president. The president plays the role of both head of state and head of government. Canada's leader is the prime minister, the prime minister is recognized as the head of government, and the head of state is a representative from the queen by the governor general. In America, the head of state cannot restrain the American head of government since they are the same person. In Canada, the ministers must appear in parliament to defend government bills answer daily questions on government actions of policies and rebut the attack on such actions or policies.

Switzerland, officially known as the Swiss Confederation, is a federal republic made up of 23 cantons. It lies in central Europe and is bordered by many different countries, which are France, Germany, Italy, and Austria. It covers a huge amount of area about 41,287 km2 Switzerland’s major city include, Berne which is the capital, also Zurich, Basle and Geneva. The country is dominated by the Jura Mountains in the northwest and the beautiful Alps, which is a big tourist attraction in Switzerland for skiing. The Cambrian Switzerland ski hotel located in Bernese Oberland region one of the world’s most spectacular mountain landscape in the south together these two areas occupy about seventy percent of the country’s area. The Rhine and Rhone rivers both gather in Switzerland, and there are many lakes, including Lake Geneva and Lake Constance. Most of the population of just over seven million lives in the valley of the Swiss Plateau, a narrow, hilly region between the two mountain ranges called Swiss alps known as the Monta Rosa, that rises four thousand six hundred and thirty four meters.

Moving to a new country as a young kid is pretty nerve wracking. Adjusting to a new lifestyle isn’t easy either. Being away from family, friends, everything that you’re familiar with is the hardest challenge by far.

Confederation – the rights of governance and reach of the central government are very limited. The “states” make up their own policies and rules while the central government has no say in these decisions.

the chief executive and the head of state. The President is elected independently of the

     France, which is the largest nation in Western Europe, is a presidential republic. France is a very important nation in Europe and it continues to be involved in contemporary policy issues. Helping the world as one of the great trading nations, France is a very important trading partner with the United States. Not only is France important to the United States, they are also important to countries all over the world. Their abundance of both mineral and agricultural resources make them a very important supplier of products all over the world. I chose to report on France because it is an interesting county and I wanted to learn more about it.

Brazil is now a federal republic with 26 states and a federal distract. In the 1988 constitution granted broad powers to the federal government, consisting of executive, legislative and judicial branches, similar to our form of government. The president holds office for four years, with the right to re-election for an additional four-year term, and appoints his own cabinet. On October third, 1994 elections were held and won by popular vote by Fernando Henrique Cardoso who later took office for two terms on January first, 1995 to the present after wining a second term in 1998. (edci.gov) Federal deputies and senators who belong to the parties compromising the government coalitions do not always vote with the government. As a result, President Cardoso has had difficulty, at times, gaining sufficient support for some of his legislative priorities, despite the fact that his coalition parties hold an overwhelming majority of congressional seats. Cardoso as president of Brazil, hold two titles while he remains in office: Chief of State and Head of the Government. These presidential powers are balanced by a bicameral legislature. There are 81 senators, three for each state and also for the federal district, and 513 deputies. A deputy being a member of the lower house of the legislative assemblies who has the power to take charge when their superior is absent. The Senate terms are assigned for eight years, with elections staggered so that

Their laws are seen to be dominated by statutory law, which generate general principles and sets aside functional and procedural rules. Unlike the United Kingdom judicial decisions are not rated as high. Switzerland is a federal union, meaning civil procedure and the make-up of the judiciary are governed by state law of 26 cantons, in unifying the various cantonal rules enshrines the rights to take part in decision making process’s on Federals state level, having equal share in the central legislator. Switzerland is also not a part of the European Union despite having strong ties into the EU. Its legal