Swollen Kidneys Essay

Injury to the glomerulus and the tubules presents the onset of Intra-renal failure (Matzke, 2011). Some of the frequent causes for Intra-renal failure are glomerulonephritis; pyelonephritis; and tubular injury. Post-renal failure develops from things like ureteroliths, tumors, or anatomic impediments. Opposite of the acute form, the chronic form has a slow onset that has no early stage symptoms. It is important to know that following an acute episode a chronic renal episode often follows, and at this juncture the damage is irreversible. Glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis combined, has been reported to be the forerunner in as much as half the cases from acute to chronic renal failure. Diabetes mellitus, renal vascular disease, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, polycystic kidney disease, drug damage, and nephrolith are all examples of other causes of CKD (Pradeep, 2014). Biopsies of kidneys that suffered with CKD reveal smaller kidneys with scarring on the tubules.

Physical Examination: General: The patient is an alert, oriented male appearing his stated age. He appears to be in moderate distress. Vital signs: blood pressure 132/78 and pulse 68 and regular. Temperature is 38.56 oC (101.4 oF). HEENT:Normocephalic, atraumatic. Pupils were equal, round, and reactive to light. Ears are clear. Throat is normal. Neck: The neck is supple with no carotid bruits. Lungs: The lungs are clear to auscultation and percussion. Heart: Regular rate and rhythm. Abdomen:Bowel sounds are normal. There is rebound tenderness with maximal discomfort on palpation in the right lower quadrant. Extremities: No clubbing, cyanosis, or edema.

If there is more NA it the ATPase will have trouble pumping correctly causing problems in the kidneys

Pulse rate is at 72. The blood pressure was 140 / 95,which is suggestive of high blood pressure and related to his medical history. No heart murmur was noted, and no other abnormalities were noted.

Renal History: The patient learned that he had kidney disease a few years ago. He had a biopsy in October 2012 that showed IgA nephropathy per TGH records. He started dialysis in 2013. Initially, he started peritoneal dialysis for seven months. He had a lot of side effects

Chweyah, dated 08/11/2017, indicated that the claimant presented for a follow-up visit after his discharge from the hospital on 08/08/2017. He was admitted on 08/04/2017 due to normocytic anemia, pain in both knees, starvation ketoacidosis, hypertension, gout with tophus, and duodenitis. The esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed erythematous duodenopathy, erythematous mucosa in the antrum, and small hiatal hernia. He had a colonoscopy which revealed internal hemorrhoids. Objective findings showed blood pressure of 112/86 with a pulse of 105. He was diagnosed with quadriceps weakness, pain in both knees, normocytic anemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, stable chronic kidney disease stage III, and bilateral impacted cerumen. It was noted that he can return to work on 08/16/2017 with limitations of not standing for more than 10 minutes at a time for 1

“The patient is Adam Rudd, a 78 y/o white male with a history of hypertension. He has been diagnosed with hypertension past 15 years and is on anti-hypertensive medications and aspirin. He is very weak and short of breath. He is accompanied with his longtime friend Jennifer, who reports that Rudd was looking very weak and was complaining of severe headache and blurred vision before coming to the hospital. He is 5’9” and weighs 270 lb. Vital signs recorded were: oral temperature 98.20 F, BP 224/120 mm Hg with a heart rate of 102 beats/minute and respiration of 24 breaths per minute. The pulse oximetry reading was 94% on room air. He is complaining of severe headache and blurred vision. Rudd said that he did not take his antihypertensive medication or aspirin since he ran out of pills. He has not been taking his medication for past 15 days. He reports no known allergies to any medications or other substances.”

Generally, this is a well-developed man sitting comfortably in no acute distress. Skin is warm and dry. HEENT: Head is normocephalic, atraumatic. Pupils equal, reactive to light and accommodation. Sclerae are anicteric. Oral mucosa is moist without lesions. No JVD. No thyromegaly. Lymphatics: No cervical, supraclavicular, axillary, or inguinal adenopathy appreciated. Respiratory: Lungs are clear to auscultation bilaterally. Heart: Regular rate and rhythm. Abdomen: Soft, nontender. Positive bowel sounds. Liver and spleen not palpable. Strength is 5/5 throughout. Neurological exam is

D/A: Maurice Brown had one appointment this week. On 12/14, he was seen by Doctor Nat Ramani of the GI Associates of Delaware. According to Doctor’s note, consumer tolerated procedure well. He did not have fever, rash, or chills post procedure, but still complains of having periumbilical abdominal pain frequently for 2-3months. He describe pain as sharp in nature, rates it 7 out of 10, wakes him up from sleep at night, no exacerbating factors, radiates to both sides of his abdomen, alleviating on passing gas and having a BM. On 12/14, 12/17, Mr. Brown went for his dialysis. On 12/17, he went twice, in the morning at 10:00 a.m. and in the afternoon at 4p.m. when this writer his Case Manager asked him how his treatment was going? He said ‘’fine,

CKD will cause the body to retain many excess fluids and waste that are normally filtered out to prevent internal harm throughout the body. With kidney disease there will be a rise in blood pressure due to the amount of extra fluid that is retained in the blood vessels. This fluid retention will cause the passageways to become narrow and make blood passage through the vessels increasingly difficult, in turn causing an increase in blood pressure. There will also be an increase in protein and blood found in the urine because it is not filtered out properly by the kidneys. Swelling will occur in the extremities and around the eyes because of the fluid retention as well. The longer the urine goes unfiltered the harder it may become to urinate due to pain or blockage or there may be more frequent night time urination (The National Kidney Foundation, 12).

Kidney disease has become more prevalent over the years, one in nine Americans has chronic kidney disease, resulting in the need for a kidney transplant. Kidney failure is caused by variety of factors resulting in damage of the nephrons, which are the most important functioning unit of the kidneys. Kidney failure can be broken down into three groups: acute, chronic, end-stage. Once kidney failure is irreversible, dialysis or transplantation is the only method of survival. To avoid a kidney transplant, one needs to be aware of the pre-disposing factors, signs and symptoms, available treatments, and proper diet.

pain. The second stage is the chronic renal failure, which is accompanied by feelings of

However, it may affect the kidneys as well in which the patient develops what are commonly referred

What health issues has Mr. Armstrong had that can factor into the development of renal failure?

However, when the kidneys stop working completely, this situation is known as end-stage renal failure (ESRF). There are some diseases may cause chronic renal failure and this essay will focus on two types of these common diseases.