Sydney Carraway River Estuary Case Study

The Yarra River has been around since 1835 and is still around today, in the heart of Melbourne. Although, there has been a significant build up of toxic from the CSIRO uranium processing near the Yarra River ( from 1940s to 1960s) and a 40+ year history of contamination of the site at 506 Lorimer St. Over the years the Yarra had built up a decent amount of chemicals and toxins. The 2009 dredging project was removing and dumping the toxic sediment from the Yarra into the bays dumpsites. This evidently decreased the quality of the water and affects the marine life and their habitats, our beaches and us and people who swim in this now contaminated water. There is now high levels of toxins in local fish, eels and mussels. In January 2017, 36 beaches were deemed unsafe to swim in due to high levels of

Obviously if there are more beach goers, then the chances of pollution actually occurring increase dramatically. Land pollution within close proximity to marine and coastal environments is a very destructive action that calamitously affects and holistically degrades the natural beauty of the biome. However despite the gradual destruction of the coastal environments due to pollution, the Sutherland shire has taken responsibility and implemented signage, which is present amongst the entire shore of Cronulla and also situated bins within frequent distance of each other, to assure that litter is disposed of correctly. The recurrent signs on different points of beach are an advantageous strategy to prevent pollution, as they essentially provide awareness to tourists and residents, regarding how and where to dispose rubbish. The bins along the shore of the beach complement the aim of the signage, as they prompt individuals to place their rubbish in them, rather than on the ground, which can subsequently result in the harm of the coast. In spite of these strategies’ benefits, they both share the common drawback of visual inelegancy. Accompanying this detraction from the beaches’ natural aspect, both the bins and signs are generally disregarded by certain individuals, which explanatorily causes them in ignoring the directives

The Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuary in the United States. About half of the Bay’s water volume comes from salt water from the Atlantic Ocean. The other half drains into the Bay from its enormous 64,000-square-mile watershed. Estuaries are among the most productive environments on earth, creating more organic matter each year than similarly-sized forests and agricultural areas. Estuaries also provide diverse habitats for wildlife and aquatic life, protect our communities against flooding, reduce pollution of waterways, and support local economies through commercial and recreational activities. Thousands of species

An estuary system is “the resulting collisions of sweet and salt-fresh river water flowing seaward and ocean water inland.” It is an aquatic system where salt and freshwater are constantly mixing. An estuary system is one of most active systems of the planet; it is a hybrid system that contains the best and worst qualities of the ocean, river, and lake systems it conglomerates. Estuaries are unique in nature because of their ability to be the most productive ecosystem on the entire planet; humans have attempted and failed to reach the productivity that estuaries naturally grant. There productivity lies it the constant change that occurs from the conflicting flows of fresh and ocean water. Ocean and freshwater are measured largely based on salinity, or the level of parts of salt per thousand. Ocean water usually

Government agencies carefully monitor water quality and its effect on wetlands (Reference: Environment Protection Agency Wetland Report EPA 832-R-93-005). Of particular concern is the concentration of nitrogen in water draining from fertilized lands. Too much nitrogen can kill fish and wildlife. Twenty-eight samples of water were taken at random from a lake. The nitrogen concentration (milligrams of nitrogen per liter of water) was determined for each sample. The variable in this information is nitrogen concentration (mg nitrogen/l water).

Warrnambool is known for it’s many diverse areas of coastline with many unique beaches; this then brings in various groups of people and tourists in the interest of seeing the beaches or for recreational water activities to Warrnambool. This tourism is positive for Warrnambool economically, but can place a negative effect on the beach environment and the ecosystem.

The Chesapeake Bay Watershed is the largest one in the Atlantic Seaboard of North America; it covers 64,000 square miles of the United States, starting from the bottom of New York and flowing all the way to the Atlantic Ocean in Virginia. It encompasses the entire District of Columbia and parts

The Wetlands area then moved on to becoming an Industrial Waste dump until the early 1990's when construction began for the Sydney 2000 summer

The Bay is fed by 48 major rivers and 100 small tributaries draining a 64,000 square mile basin (“Geological History” n.d.). The Bay has a width of four miles near Aberdeen, Maryland to thirty miles near Cape Charles, Virginia (Chesapeake Bay Program n.d.). The average depth of the bay is 21 feet with troughs as deep as 174 feet deep (Chesapeake Bay Program n.d.).

Today, this briefing note is put to you the 'National Taskforce on Environmental Science and Sustainable Development' in response to Urbanisation and its effects on Australias’ waterways. This is fast becoming a critical environmental issue affecting Australia.

A catchment is an area where water is collected by the natural landscape. In a catchment, rain will eventually flow to a dam, creek, river, lake or ocean, evaporate, be used by vegetation and animals or seep into the groundwater system.

Extensive amounts of litter were observed both in (figure 8) and around the creek, this aspect of human interaction clearly is degrative within this environment Increased flood risk due to surface impermeability this disrupts the water cycle and increases subsequent erosion

Croix, Herbert and Kennetcook Rivers in the Minas Basin, and the Salmon River in Truro.

“ Numbinbah Valley is a valley and suburb located in the Gold Coast Hinterland in South East Queensland, Australia”(City of Gold Coast, 2015) (see appendix 1 ). The Scenic Rim, which is a group of forested mountain ranges, covers 116 km of valley. Compared to other areas of the Gold Coast the Numbinbah Valley has remained largely undeveloped in recent decades containing a wide variety of freshwater organisms. The Valley is part of the upper catchment area of Nerang River, which flows into the Hinze Dam in the lowest elevated part of the Valley. Hastings Point is a town located in North Eastern New South Wales, Australia in the Tweed Shire (see appendix 2). Situated on the southern side of the entrance to Cudgera Creek it is in area that, like

The Delta Wetlands is marsh that has soft mushy soil. The river deposits the dirt into the Delta Wetland making it larger. Thanks to the Delta Wetlands there is two smaller streams. The Delta wetlands are located on southeast part of Boomtown. The marsh has soft mushy soil making it hard to build on. And if they need to build there they will have to drain all the water in the large marsh.