Sydney Water Eastern Sewerage Treatment Plant Site Report

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) described the general treatment of wastewater and its two basic stages, primary and secondary. In the primary treatment most solids are caught in a screen, then the sewage goes to a grit chamber to settle small pieces of debris at the bottom, then through the sedimentation tank. Afterwards, secondary treatment removes a majority of the organic matter, eventually being chlorinated before reaching an effluent (EPA, 1998).

→ sustainability challenges and advancements in environmental regulation result in growth of demand for higher water treatment standards

The Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County have devised a system to provide wastewater management and have implanted ways to recycle a lot of this water. The three treatments are

Due to diverse composition of the wastewater, which can be high concentrations of volatile organic compounds, chemicals, and materials of radioactivity. (Chameides, 2011) This diverse composition of wastewater can disrupt the natural operation of municipal treatment plants by inhibiting biological treatment. Additionally, the wastewater may facilitate the formation of harmful disinfection by products. Hence the need for specialized treatment plants for the oil and gas industry. (Maloney & Yoxtheimer, 2012) These specialized treatment plants will customarily be made up of 4 subcategories, “Metals Treatment and Recovery,” “Oils Treatment and Recovery,” “Organics Treatment and Recovery,” and “Multiple Waste streams.” (“Natural Gas Extraction – Hydraulic Fracturing | US EPA”,

Figure 1 is a layout plan of the processing building and lab/operations building. As the figure shows, there are 23 dirty solvent tanks, 16 clean storage tanks, 3 distillation units, and a molecular sieve. The waste delivered to the site was unloaded into the “dirty” storage tanks. It would be processed in one of the distillation units and through the molecular sieve if necessary. Once processed, the clean

A group of subject 48350 Environmental and Sanitation Engineering students visited both plants, and observed the operations and maintenance of these wastewater treatment systems.

The Western Treatment plant measures at 10,500 Hectares and is a world leader in technical and environmental innovation. It takes in around half of Melbourne’s water and produces almost 40 billion litres of recycled water. The plant was constructed in 1888. Prior to this, disposing human waste was extremely basic. Sewage would be collected and dumped into water ways such as the Yarra and Hobsons Bay. The idea was to construct a system of pipes, sewers and drains built underground to carry sewage from homes and factories to a sewage treatment farm.

Descriptions of the amount and type of the contaminants stored at the location of the project.

Point-of-use water filters are utilized to remove contaminates immediately before direct consumption for secondary exposure through cooking and cleaning. The media for these filters are chosen because they have good permeability, durable, free of impurities and are insoluble in the water they are filtering [18]. While filter media normally rely mechanical removal of particles, some medium works to also remove contaminates by participating in redox reactions. Other forms of removal include absorption and adsorption. Absorption is the where contaminates and liquid are soaked up like a sponge into the media. Adsorption, the adhesion of a thin layer of particles to the filtration solid, of the silver forms may take for the activated carbon and

The Aquasana water filters are made by using the latest water filtration technology and they all offer great results. In terms of well water systems, the 500,000 Gallon Well Water Whole House Filter is specially designed to reduce any harmful water contaminants for 500,000 gallons or 5 years. At the same time, the salt-free softener reduces scale buildup on plumbing and this without having to use additional salt or other chemicals. Furthermore, the UV Filtration system eliminates up to 99.99% of viruses and bacteria, including E. Coli, giardia, and many others. With this system you will never have to worry again because it will significantly reduce the impurities, supplying you with pure water for a long

One of the best filter systems that you can install is the one that features sub micron filtration, activated granular carbon, and ion exchange, which is helpful in removing chemicals, pathogens, and toxins that enter your homes through the tap waters. This type of filter is much better than those filters which claim of removing fluoride.

Incredible water shortage in the Middle East region has compelled countries to reuse this water for many purposes. Treated wastewater can be used in agriculture, industry, recharging aquifers (Middle East Water Shortage). This method leads to conservation of traditional sources of water which further can be used “for meeting the demand for higher-quality water such as that for drinking, or for high value-added industrial and agricultural uses.” Also the climate fickleness’ influence will lessen by means of reuse. But there are few problems connected with leading treatment into usage. One of them are health and environmental risks (Baroudy 2005, 25-35). Purified in such way water contains bacteria, viruses and parasites (Middle East Water Shortage). Use of treated water can cause different infectious and gastrointestinal diseases. According to Baroudy even contact with this water sometimes can cause allergies and other dermatological illnesses (2005, 25-35). Another problem is that this water has some biological and chemical matter dissolved in it, which can obstruct soil pores. Clogged soil has less ability for leaking which leads to bad irrigation efficiencies (Middle East Water Shortage). But, of course, some standards with the purpose to limit these effects were elaborated. Toughening standards require financial investments (Baroudy 2005, 25-35). Process of waste treatment requires special equipment and construction of special water treatment

The report finds BOD levels meet the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit renewal standards. Results for suspended solids shows an opposite trend. Suspended solids increase throughout the course of the water treatment. This does not meet NPDES standards. Further suspended solids test will be needed to insure a minimal amount of error. If the same trend continues, the facility may need to be redesigned to meet NPDES standards.

On July 7, 2015 the EPA and MARN inspected the REPSA I facility, including the oxidation lagoon treatment system. This wastewater treatment system treats the wastewater generated from REPSA I palm tree oil processing. The system consists of five oxidation lagoons, which included cooling stabilization lagoons, anaerobic (an anaerobic lagoon is a deep impoundment, essentially free of dissolved oxygen that promotes anaerobic conditions (USEPA 2002)), and facultative lagoons, with each lagoon having a volume of approximately 3,500 m3 (925,000 gallons). A facultative lagoon is earthen impoundment that the layer of water near the surface contains dissolved oxygen due to atmospheric reaeration and algal respiration, a condition that supports aerobic and facultative organisms, and the bottom layer of the lagoon includes sludge deposits and supports anaerobic organisms (USEPA, 2002). EPA observed that all lagoons were not sealed (no concrete, liner, clay, etc.), which may create suitable conditions for groundwater contamination.

The disposal of untreated wastewater coming from the industries into the water bodies will pollute the water bodies because of its high concentrations. So, the wastewater produced from the industry should be treated properly to meet the permissible limits given by central and state pollution control boards. Therefore it is necessary to treat the wastewater properly with the help of an appropriate treatment plant. However, the treatment plant even though properly planned may not work satisfactory because of several reasons. Hence, it is essential to evaluate the treatment plant considering individual treatment unit in the entire treatment flow. In the present work emphasis has been given to the study of the performance of treatment facilities because of its importance in the conventional treatment of wastewater. Hence, the literature review related to the evaluation of the entire treatment process along with biological treatment process particularly suspended growth process Activated Sludge Process (ASP), attached growth process Trickling Filter (TF) and a combination of the both suspended and attached growth process Hybrid Reactor (HR) is presented in the following sections of this chapter.