Symbiosis: Relationship Between Clownfish And Sea Anemone

Commensalism is when one species can benefit from a relationship and not hurt the other. There are four different main types; chemical, inquilinism, metabiosis and phoresy. Chemical commensalism is most often observed between bacteria. It involves the species of one bacteria feeding on the chemicals produced or the waste products of the other bacteria. Inquilinism involves one species using the body of another organism as a platform or living space while the host does not benefit or is harmed. Metabiosis occurs when one species unintentionally creates a home for another species through one of its normal life activities. A phoresy takes place when one organism attaches to another organism specifically for the purpose of gaining transportation. An example of commensalism (inquilinism) is barnacles and whales. Barnacles are non-moving and they rely on currents to bring them food. Some barnacles attach themselves to whales in order to help them live. They can benefit as they are then transported over the ocean which exposes them to more feeding oppurtunities. The whale neither benefits or is harmed by the barnacles.

There are three forms of symbiotic relationships namely mutualism, commensalism and parasitism. The partners in a symbiotic relationship may either benefit from, be unaffected by, or be harmed by the kind of relationship that exists between them, (Berg 2007). Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship in which both the partners benefit from the relationship, (Berg 2007). Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship whereby one party benefits while the other party is neither harmed nor benefits, (Berg 2007). Parasitism is a symbiotic relationship in which one party benefits while the other is harmed, (Berg 2007).

The coyote and badger is a great example of mutualism. Coyotes normally don’t hunt in packs or in tight knit groups but is often found hunting with the badger. The best example would be hunting in prairie dog fields. The coyote takes the prairie dogs on the ground while scaring other dogs into their holes where the badger is. When the badger hunts underground catching it’s prey it also scares dogs up to the ground where the coyote is. So basically the badger and coyote work together to corner up the prairie dogs and eat until they get their fill.

An entire new world, different from our own exists beneath the surface of our oceans. This life is full of color, shapes, sizes, wonder, and even darkness. Much of this life has yet to be explored but we still know that beneath the waves exist the most beautiful creatures and the most bizarre. Magical areas such as the coral reef and mysterious areas such as the depths of the ocean are homes to over 700,000 species that live in the ocean. This includes the eighty percent of the ocean that has yet to be explored. Even though there may be separate oceans on this planet, they are still interconnected by a body of salt water. No area of the ocean is the same, which brings us to the wonderful fact that so many different species are able to flourish

A mutualistic symbiotic relationship is where both partners benefit from each other. An excellent example would be an oxpecker and a rhino. As the rhino grazes in the field, many ticks and other insects fall upon the rhino. The oxpecker comes in and eats the ticks and other insects off the rhino. Both partners benefit in this situation because the rhino gets the ticks and insects off of it, the oxpecker gets its food from the rhino.

    The change of the relationship from symbiotic to parasitic begins with Sula's return to the Bottoms, signaled by the immense number of robins that entered the town.  Just like Sula, the appearance of the robins came as a

In regard for how this affects what they eat and where they are placed in the ecosystem; the Cnidarians eat anything. There are types that are Predators and eat objects such as Phytoplankton, fish, and crustaceans. Others will suck and filter “sea particles”, fish eggs or fecal pellets, in if they can not obtain any prey. There are even some Sea Anemones and Medusa Jellyfish/Hydrozoa will “sit upside down on the bottom and have symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) in their tissues, which photosynthesize, and so get much of their energy the way plants do” (The Ocean Portal Team, 2015). The Cnidarian will gain energy in anyway it can work. Knowing this fact, the Cnidarian does have symbiotic relationships. As mentioned before the Jellyfish and the Sea Anemone both share a relationship with zooxanthellae or green algae. Both algae “In exchange for providing safe harbor and exposure to sunlight, the anemone receives oxygen and

An example of a trophic interaction includes parasitism, which is a relationship that involves a harmful organism living on another organism, and is presented by the galls (“plant tumours”) on the Grey Mangrove. The formation of a gall is initiated when an insect feeds on a plant or dominates the tissue of a plant and lays eggs there. The eggs will grow within the leaves, which they will eventually devour. These abnormal growths of plant tissue are a response to irritation or harm of the plant and it may slow down the photosynthesis process and may make the Grey Mangrove die.

In nature, there are many cases of cooperation between different species of animals, plants and insects. Plants enlist the services of insects to aid in pollination to ensure the next generation can grow and animals of different types have learnt to cooperate together for a common good. This is the same in the marine community. There are several organisms such as cleaner shrimps (Lysmata amboinensis) and cleaner wrasse (Labroides dimidiatus) that have a symbiotic relationship that seems to be just very similar.

Sponges protect numerous symbiotic organisms in a variety of ways. For example, some sponges host endosymbiotic algae and bacteria. These relationships are considered mutualistic, as the symbionts provide additional nutrients for the sponge in return for a place to grow. Sponges are also a common source of protection for some species of crabs. In this mutualistic relationship, the crab wears the sponge, which provides protection from predators in the form of camouflage. At the same time, the sessile sponge gains transportation to more nutrient filled areas.

Commensalism is when one organism benefits and the other organism remains unharmed by the relationship (Bethel University, 2015). The cattle egret is a heron that will follow livestock herds and eat the stirred-up insects as the herd move through the fields. The cattle egret gets the benefit of food and the cattle receive no benefit from the relationship. While you can say there is no ill effect to one organism over another that may not always be true., When the moss is overtaking a tree is the tree not being damaged in some way it may not be able to spout new limbs. I believe it leans more to a parasitic level. The cattle egret lands on the cow back is that pleasant or unpleasant for the cow. We all know birds will defecate on everything and

The interactions of an organism with other organisms and with its environment can be categorized by their effect; the categorization is based on the quality of benefit or harm in terms of fitness experienced by the organisms. When both organisms are benefited, it is called mutualism. For example, ants may protect a tree from an organism that would like to make the tree its next meal, and at the same time the tree provides a safe home for the ants. When one organism is benefited and the other organism is not affected, it is called commensalism. For example, a barnacle attached to a whale is able to collect and filter food from the moving water, which does not really affect the whale. (“Ecological Interactions”). When one organism is benefited and the other organism is harmed, there can be predation or parasitism. For example, a parasite benefits and the host is harmed, such as when a tick sucks blood out of a dog. When both organisms are not affected, it is called neutralism. When one organism is harmed and the other organism is not affected, it is

Defence mechanisms: they are rarely separated and are closely bonded. This helps them to protect one another from prey posing potential threats such as sharks that may try to fight back

Mutualism is defined as a symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit from each other. However, should scientists go as far as to state that mutualism is always a beneficial behavior? Are scientists misunderstanding the concept of paracitism while claiming it is as mutualism in disguise, instead? Not all cases of claimed “mutualistic behavior” are truly “mutualistic. Some examples of true mutualism are Oxpecker birds that land on animals such as zebras, and their role is to eat tics and other parasites off from the zebras.

Parasites are organisms which live in close association to a host organism, the relationship is non-mutualistic, in which the parasite benefits and the host incurs costs. (Roberts & Janovy, 2008) The costs range from a visible form of reduced fecundity or survival, but also more subtly such as reduced attractiveness, leading to reduced mating success (Ebert, 2005).